add error handling

Cargo.toml

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ vulkano = "0.31.0"
 glfw = { version = "0.50.0", features = ["vulkan"] }
 
 [profile.dev]
-opt-level = 1
+# opt-level = 1

src/application.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use crate::window::Window;
+use crate::{window::Window, error::ApplicationError};
 
 fn key_callback_func(window: &mut glfw::Window, key: glfw::Key, _: glfw::Scancode, action: glfw::Action, _: glfw::Modifiers) {
     if key == glfw::Key::Escape && action == glfw::Action::Press {
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ pub struct Application {
 }
 
 impl Application {
-    pub fn new() -> Result<Application, &'static str> {
+    pub fn new() -> Result<Application, ApplicationError> {
         let mut glfw = match glfw::init(glfw::FAIL_ON_ERRORS) {
             Ok(instance) => instance,
-            Err(_) => return Err("Failed to initialize GLFW")
+            Err(_) => return Err(ApplicationError::new("GLFW", "Failed to initialize GLFW"))
         };
 
         let mut window = Window::new(&mut glfw, 800, 800, "Vulkan Test")?;
@@ -35,29 +35,27 @@ impl Application {
         })
     }
 
-    fn init_vulkan(glfw: &glfw::Glfw) -> Result<Arc<vulkano::instance::Instance>, &'static str> {
+    fn init_vulkan(glfw: &glfw::Glfw) -> Result<Arc<vulkano::instance::Instance>, ApplicationError> {
         let mut create_info = vulkano::instance::InstanceCreateInfo::application_from_cargo_toml();
         create_info.engine_name = Some("No engine".into());
         create_info.engine_version = vulkano::Version::V1_0;
         create_info.max_api_version = Some(vulkano::Version::V1_0);
 
-        if let Some(extensions) = glfw.get_required_instance_extensions() {
+        let required_extensions = glfw.get_required_instance_extensions().ok_or(
-            create_info.enabled_extensions = vulkano::instance::InstanceExtensions::from_iter(extensions.iter().map(|name| name.as_str()));
+            ApplicationError::new("GLFW", "Failed to get required GLFW extensions")
-        } else {
+        )?;
-            return Err("Failed to fetch GLFW's required instance extensions");
-        }
 
-        if let Ok(library) = vulkano::VulkanLibrary::new() {
+        create_info.enabled_extensions = vulkano::instance::InstanceExtensions::from_iter(
-            return match vulkano::instance::Instance::new(library, create_info) {
+            required_extensions.iter().map(|ext| ext.as_str())
-                Ok(instance) => Ok(instance),
+        );
-                Err(_) => Err("Failed to create Vulkan instance")
-            };
-        }
 
-        return Err("Failed to create Vulkano library");
+        let library = vulkano::library::VulkanLibrary::new()?;
+        let instance = vulkano::instance::Instance::new(library, create_info)?;
+
+        Ok(instance)
     }
 
-    pub fn run(&mut self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+    pub fn run(&mut self) -> Result<(), ApplicationError> {
         while !self.window.should_close() {
             self.glfw.poll_events();
             self.window.handle_events();

src/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
+use vulkano::{LoadingError, instance::{self, InstanceCreationError, Instance, InstanceCreateInfo}};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ApplicationError {
+    what: String,
+    which: String
+}
+
+impl ApplicationError {
+    pub fn new(which: &str, what: &str) -> ApplicationError {
+        ApplicationError { what: what.into(), which: which.into() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for ApplicationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        writeln!(f, "[{}] {}", self.which, self.what)
+    }
+} 
+
+impl From<LoadingError> for ApplicationError {
+    fn from(value: LoadingError) -> Self {
+        ApplicationError {
+            which: "Loading Error".into(),
+            what: match value {
+                LoadingError::LibraryLoadFailure(error) => error.to_string(),
+                LoadingError::OomError(error) => error.to_string()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<InstanceCreationError> for ApplicationError {
+    fn from(value: InstanceCreationError) -> Self {
+        ApplicationError { 
+            what: "Instance Creation Error".into(), 
+            which: match value {
+                InstanceCreationError::ExtensionNotPresent => "Extension not present".into(),
+                InstanceCreationError::ExtensionRestrictionNotMet(error) => error.to_string(),
+                InstanceCreationError::IncompatibleDriver => "Incompatible driver".into(),
+                InstanceCreationError::InitializationFailed => "Initialization failed".into(),
+                InstanceCreationError::LayerNotPresent => "Layer not present".into(),
+                InstanceCreationError::OomError(error) => error.to_string(),
+                InstanceCreationError::RequirementNotMet { required_for, requires_one_of } => format!("{} requires one of {}", required_for, requires_one_of)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use application::Application;
 
 mod application;
 mod window;
+mod error;
 
 fn main() {
     let mut app = Application::new().unwrap();    

src/window.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use std::{sync::mpsc::Receiver, ops::Deref};
 
+use crate::{error::ApplicationError, application::Application};
+
 type KeyCallbackFunc = fn(&mut glfw::Window, glfw::Key, glfw::Scancode, glfw::Action, glfw::Modifiers);
 
 pub struct Window {
@@ -10,14 +12,13 @@ pub struct Window {
 }
 
 impl Window {
-    pub fn new(glfw: &mut glfw::Glfw, width: u32, height: u32, title: &str) -> Result<Window, &'static str> {
+    pub fn new(glfw: &mut glfw::Glfw, width: u32, height: u32, title: &str) -> Result<Window, ApplicationError> {
         glfw.window_hint(glfw::WindowHint::Resizable(false));
         glfw.window_hint(glfw::WindowHint::ClientApi(glfw::ClientApiHint::NoApi));
 
-        let (mut window, events) = match glfw.create_window(width, height, title, glfw::WindowMode::Windowed) {
+        let (mut window, events) = 
-            Some(val) => val,
+            glfw.create_window(width, height, title, glfw::WindowMode::Windowed)
-            None => return Err("Failed to create window and event receiver") 
+            .ok_or(ApplicationError::new("Window", "Failed to create window and event receiver"))?;
-        };
 
         window.set_key_polling(true);