Add project files.

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Robert 2020-04-13 20:05:13 +02:00
commit aa53dd4b30
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###############################################################################
# Set default behavior to automatically normalize line endings.
###############################################################################
* text=auto
###############################################################################
# Set default behavior for command prompt diff.
#
# This is need for earlier builds of msysgit that does not have it on by
# default for csharp files.
# Note: This is only used by command line
###############################################################################
#*.cs diff=csharp
###############################################################################
# Set the merge driver for project and solution files
#
# Merging from the command prompt will add diff markers to the files if there
# are conflicts (Merging from VS is not affected by the settings below, in VS
# the diff markers are never inserted). Diff markers may cause the following
# file extensions to fail to load in VS. An alternative would be to treat
# these files as binary and thus will always conflict and require user
# intervention with every merge. To do so, just uncomment the entries below
###############################################################################
#*.sln merge=binary
#*.csproj merge=binary
#*.vbproj merge=binary
#*.vcxproj merge=binary
#*.vcproj merge=binary
#*.dbproj merge=binary
#*.fsproj merge=binary
#*.lsproj merge=binary
#*.wixproj merge=binary
#*.modelproj merge=binary
#*.sqlproj merge=binary
#*.wwaproj merge=binary
###############################################################################
# behavior for image files
#
# image files are treated as binary by default.
###############################################################################
#*.jpg binary
#*.png binary
#*.gif binary
###############################################################################
# diff behavior for common document formats
#
# Convert binary document formats to text before diffing them. This feature
# is only available from the command line. Turn it on by uncommenting the
# entries below.
###############################################################################
#*.doc diff=astextplain
#*.DOC diff=astextplain
#*.docx diff=astextplain
#*.DOCX diff=astextplain
#*.dot diff=astextplain
#*.DOT diff=astextplain
#*.pdf diff=astextplain
#*.PDF diff=astextplain
#*.rtf diff=astextplain
#*.RTF diff=astextplain

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## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and
## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.
##
## Get latest from https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/VisualStudio.gitignore
# User-specific files
*.rsuser
*.suo
*.user
*.userosscache
*.sln.docstates
*.json
# User-specific files (MonoDevelop/Xamarin Studio)
*.userprefs
# Build results
[Dd]ebug/
[Dd]ebugPublic/
[Rr]elease/
[Rr]eleases/
x64/
x86/
[Aa][Rr][Mm]/
[Aa][Rr][Mm]64/
bld/
[Bb]in/
[Oo]bj/
[Ll]og/
# Visual Studio 2015/2017 cache/options directory
.vs/
# Uncomment if you have tasks that create the project's static files in wwwroot
#wwwroot/
# Visual Studio 2017 auto generated files
Generated\ Files/
# MSTest test Results
[Tt]est[Rr]esult*/
[Bb]uild[Ll]og.*
# NUNIT
*.VisualState.xml
TestResult.xml
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[Rr]eleasePS/
dlldata.c
# Benchmark Results
BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts/
# .NET Core
project.lock.json
project.fragment.lock.json
artifacts/
# StyleCop
StyleCopReport.xml
# Files built by Visual Studio
*_i.c
*_p.c
*_h.h
*.ilk
*.meta
*.obj
*.iobj
*.pch
*.pdb
*.ipdb
*.pgc
*.pgd
*.rsp
*.sbr
*.tlb
*.tli
*.tlh
*.tmp
*.tmp_proj
*_wpftmp.csproj
*.log
*.vspscc
*.vssscc
.builds
*.pidb
*.svclog
*.scc
# Chutzpah Test files
_Chutzpah*
# Visual C++ cache files
ipch/
*.aps
*.ncb
*.opendb
*.opensdf
*.sdf
*.cachefile
*.VC.db
*.VC.VC.opendb
# Visual Studio profiler
*.psess
*.vsp
*.vspx
*.sap
# Visual Studio Trace Files
*.e2e
# TFS 2012 Local Workspace
$tf/
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*.gpState
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_ReSharper*/
*.[Rr]e[Ss]harper
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.JustCode
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_TeamCity*
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*.dotCover
# AxoCover is a Code Coverage Tool
.axoCover/*
!.axoCover/settings.json
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*.coverage
*.coveragexml
# NCrunch
_NCrunch_*
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nCrunchTemp_*
# MightyMoose
*.mm.*
AutoTest.Net/
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.sass-cache/
# Installshield output folder
[Ee]xpress/
# DocProject is a documentation generator add-in
DocProject/buildhelp/
DocProject/Help/*.HxT
DocProject/Help/*.HxC
DocProject/Help/*.hhc
DocProject/Help/*.hhk
DocProject/Help/*.hhp
DocProject/Help/Html2
DocProject/Help/html
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publish/
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*.[Pp]ublish.xml
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# but database connection strings (with potential passwords) will be unencrypted
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# checkin your Azure Web App publish settings, but sensitive information contained
# in these scripts will be unencrypted
PublishScripts/
# NuGet Packages
*.nupkg
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**/[Pp]ackages/*
# except build/, which is used as an MSBuild target.
!**/[Pp]ackages/build/
# Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
#!**/[Pp]ackages/repositories.config
# NuGet v3's project.json files produces more ignorable files
*.nuget.props
*.nuget.targets
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# because we have git ;-)
_UpgradeReport_Files/
Backup*/
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*- Backup*.rdl
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*.GhostDoc.xml
# Node.js Tools for Visual Studio
.ntvs_analysis.dat
node_modules/
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*.opt
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*.vbw
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**/*.HTMLClient/GeneratedArtifacts
**/*.DesktopClient/GeneratedArtifacts
**/*.DesktopClient/ModelManifest.xml
**/*.Server/GeneratedArtifacts
**/*.Server/ModelManifest.xml
_Pvt_Extensions
# Paket dependency manager
.paket/paket.exe
paket-files/
# FAKE - F# Make
.fake/
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*.sln.iml
# CodeRush personal settings
.cr/personal
# Python Tools for Visual Studio (PTVS)
__pycache__/
*.pyc
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# tools/**
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*.btp.cs
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*.odx.cs
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OpenCover/
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ASALocalRun/
# MSBuild Binary and Structured Log
*.binlog
# NVidia Nsight GPU debugger configuration file
*.nvuser
# MFractors (Xamarin productivity tool) working folder
.mfractor/
# Local History for Visual Studio
.localhistory/
# BeatPulse healthcheck temp database
healthchecksdb

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Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
# Visual Studio Version 16
VisualStudioVersion = 16.0.30002.166
MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
Project("{888888A0-9F3D-457C-B088-3A5042F75D52}") = "MinecraftRecipeViewer", "MinecraftRecipeViewer\MinecraftRecipeViewer.pyproj", "{A02A6A86-69E9-49A6-B68B-C6597AAD27DD}"
EndProject
Global
GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
{A02A6A86-69E9-49A6-B68B-C6597AAD27DD}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
{A02A6A86-69E9-49A6-B68B-C6597AAD27DD}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
{A02A6A86-69E9-49A6-B68B-C6597AAD27DD}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
{A02A6A86-69E9-49A6-B68B-C6597AAD27DD}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
HideSolutionNode = FALSE
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
SolutionGuid = {2CFD322D-5967-4FAA-9708-F98AB608C88F}
EndGlobalSection
EndGlobal

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<Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" ToolsVersion="4.0">
<PropertyGroup>
<VisualStudioVersion Condition="'$(VisualStudioVersion)' == ''">10.0</VisualStudioVersion>
<Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
<SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
<ProjectGuid>a02a6a86-69e9-49a6-b68b-c6597aad27dd</ProjectGuid>
<ProjectHome>.</ProjectHome>
<ProjectTypeGuids>{789894c7-04a9-4a11-a6b5-3f4435165112};{1b580a1a-fdb3-4b32-83e1-6407eb2722e6};{349c5851-65df-11da-9384-00065b846f21};{888888a0-9f3d-457c-b088-3a5042f75d52}</ProjectTypeGuids>
<StartupFile>start.py</StartupFile>
<SearchPath>
</SearchPath>
<WorkingDirectory>.</WorkingDirectory>
<LaunchProvider>Web launcher</LaunchProvider>
<WebBrowserUrl>http://localhost</WebBrowserUrl>
<OutputPath>.</OutputPath>
<SuppressCollectPythonCloudServiceFiles>true</SuppressCollectPythonCloudServiceFiles>
<Name>MinecraftRecipeViewer</Name>
<RootNamespace>MinecraftRecipeViewer</RootNamespace>
<InterpreterId>Global|PythonCore|3.7</InterpreterId>
<WebBrowserPort>5555</WebBrowserPort>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">
<DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
<EnableUnmanagedDebugging>false</EnableUnmanagedDebugging>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Release' ">
<DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
<EnableUnmanagedDebugging>false</EnableUnmanagedDebugging>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Compile Include="app.py" />
<Compile Include="item.py">
<SubType>Code</SubType>
</Compile>
<Compile Include="start.py">
<SubType>Code</SubType>
</Compile>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Content Include="config.json" />
<Content Include="templates\index.html" />
<Content Include="requirements.txt" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Interpreter Include="env\">
<Id>env</Id>
<Version>3.7</Version>
<Description>env (Python 3.7 (64-bit))</Description>
<InterpreterPath>Scripts\python.exe</InterpreterPath>
<WindowsInterpreterPath>Scripts\pythonw.exe</WindowsInterpreterPath>
<PathEnvironmentVariable>PYTHONPATH</PathEnvironmentVariable>
<Architecture>X64</Architecture>
</Interpreter>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Folder Include="templates\" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<InterpreterReference Include="Global|PythonCore|3.7" />
</ItemGroup>
<Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v$(VisualStudioVersion)\Python Tools\Microsoft.PythonTools.Web.targets" />
<!-- Specify pre- and post-build commands in the BeforeBuild and
AfterBuild targets below. -->
<Target Name="BeforeBuild">
</Target>
<Target Name="AfterBuild">
</Target>
<ProjectExtensions>
<VisualStudio>
<FlavorProperties GUID="{349c5851-65df-11da-9384-00065b846f21}">
<WebProjectProperties>
<AutoAssignPort>True</AutoAssignPort>
<UseCustomServer>True</UseCustomServer>
<CustomServerUrl>http://localhost</CustomServerUrl>
<SaveServerSettingsInUserFile>False</SaveServerSettingsInUserFile>
</WebProjectProperties>
</FlavorProperties>
<FlavorProperties GUID="{349c5851-65df-11da-9384-00065b846f21}" User="">
<WebProjectProperties>
<StartPageUrl>
</StartPageUrl>
<StartAction>CurrentPage</StartAction>
<AspNetDebugging>True</AspNetDebugging>
<SilverlightDebugging>False</SilverlightDebugging>
<NativeDebugging>False</NativeDebugging>
<SQLDebugging>False</SQLDebugging>
<ExternalProgram>
</ExternalProgram>
<StartExternalURL>
</StartExternalURL>
<StartCmdLineArguments>
</StartCmdLineArguments>
<StartWorkingDirectory>
</StartWorkingDirectory>
<EnableENC>False</EnableENC>
<AlwaysStartWebServerOnDebug>False</AlwaysStartWebServerOnDebug>
</WebProjectProperties>
</FlavorProperties>
</VisualStudio>
</ProjectExtensions>
</Project>

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"""
This script runs the application using a development server.
It contains the definition of routes and views for the application.
"""
import mysql.connector
import json
import os
from item import Item, production_names, to_json
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, session
app = Flask(__name__)
# Make the WSGI interface available at the top level so wfastcgi can get it.
wsgi_app = app.wsgi_app
with open("config.json") as file:
data = json.loads(file.read())
USER = data["user"]
PASS = data["pass"]
def make_tree_view(item):
needs_form = (len(item.possibilities) > 1)
output = f"<ul class='tree'><li><span>"
if needs_form:
output += "<form method='POST' class='left'>"
output += f"<input type='hidden' name='target' value='{item.id}' />"
output += "<input type='hidden' name='direction' value='<' />"
output += "<input type='submit' value='<' />"
output += "</form>"
output += f"{item.amount} {item.name}"
if needs_form:
output += "<form method='POST' class='right'>"
output += f"<input type='hidden' name='target' value='{item.id}' />"
output += "<input type='hidden' name='direction' value='>' />"
output += "<input type='submit' value='>' />"
output += "</form>"
output += "</span>"
if item.made_in != "natural":
output += "<ul><li><code>"
if production_names.get(item.made_in) != None:
output += f"{production_names[item.made_in]}"
else:
output += "???"
output += "</code>"
else:
output += " can be found naturally."
output += item.get_formatted()
if item.made_in != "natural":
output += "</li></ul>"
output += "</li></ul>"
session['item'] = to_json(item)
return output
def request_item(id, amount):
cnx = mysql.connector.connect(user=USER, password=PASS,
host='85.214.66.98', database='mc_rv')
item = Item(cnx, id, amount)
cnx.close()
return item
@app.after_request
def after(response):
response.headers["Content-Security-Policy"] = "default-src *; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' http://*; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' http://*"
return response
@app.route('/')
def main():
item = request_item(257, 3)
return render_template('index.html', id=257, recipe=make_tree_view(item), amount=3)
@app.route('/', methods=['POST'])
def on_submit():
if "target" not in request.form:
if not str(request.form["id"]).replace(' ', '').isalpha():
id_split = request.form["id"].split(":")
for i in range(len(id_split)):
id_split[i] = str(int(id_split[i]))
id = ':'.join(id_split)
else:
id = str(request.form["id"])
amount = int(request.form["amount"])
item = request_item(id, amount)
else:
unique_id_parts = str(request.form.get("target")).split("/")
unique_id_parts.pop(0)
item = Item.from_json(session.get('item'))
subitem = item
for part in unique_id_parts:
for subsubitem in subitem.components:
if subsubitem.id == part:
subitem = subsubitem
cnx = mysql.connector.connect(user=USER, password=PASS,
host='85.214.66.98', database='mc_rv')
if request.form.get("direction") == '>':
subitem.next(cnx)
else:
subitem.prev(cnx)
amount = item.amount
id = item.id
cnx.close()
return render_template('index.html', id=id, recipe=make_tree_view(item), amount=amount)

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pip

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Copyright 2010 Pallets
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: Flask
Version: 1.1.2
Summary: A simple framework for building complex web applications.
Home-page: https://palletsprojects.com/p/flask/
Author: Armin Ronacher
Author-email: armin.ronacher@active-4.com
Maintainer: Pallets
Maintainer-email: contact@palletsprojects.com
License: BSD-3-Clause
Project-URL: Documentation, https://flask.palletsprojects.com/
Project-URL: Code, https://github.com/pallets/flask
Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/pallets/flask/issues
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Framework :: Flask
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Application
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Requires-Python: >=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*
Requires-Dist: Werkzeug (>=0.15)
Requires-Dist: Jinja2 (>=2.10.1)
Requires-Dist: itsdangerous (>=0.24)
Requires-Dist: click (>=5.1)
Provides-Extra: dev
Requires-Dist: pytest ; extra == 'dev'
Requires-Dist: coverage ; extra == 'dev'
Requires-Dist: tox ; extra == 'dev'
Requires-Dist: sphinx ; extra == 'dev'
Requires-Dist: pallets-sphinx-themes ; extra == 'dev'
Requires-Dist: sphinxcontrib-log-cabinet ; extra == 'dev'
Requires-Dist: sphinx-issues ; extra == 'dev'
Provides-Extra: docs
Requires-Dist: sphinx ; extra == 'docs'
Requires-Dist: pallets-sphinx-themes ; extra == 'docs'
Requires-Dist: sphinxcontrib-log-cabinet ; extra == 'docs'
Requires-Dist: sphinx-issues ; extra == 'docs'
Provides-Extra: dotenv
Requires-Dist: python-dotenv ; extra == 'dotenv'
Flask
=====
Flask is a lightweight `WSGI`_ web application framework. It is designed
to make getting started quick and easy, with the ability to scale up to
complex applications. It began as a simple wrapper around `Werkzeug`_
and `Jinja`_ and has become one of the most popular Python web
application frameworks.
Flask offers suggestions, but doesn't enforce any dependencies or
project layout. It is up to the developer to choose the tools and
libraries they want to use. There are many extensions provided by the
community that make adding new functionality easy.
Installing
----------
Install and update using `pip`_:
.. code-block:: text
pip install -U Flask
A Simple Example
----------------
.. code-block:: python
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/")
def hello():
return "Hello, World!"
.. code-block:: text
$ env FLASK_APP=hello.py flask run
* Serving Flask app "hello"
* Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
Contributing
------------
For guidance on setting up a development environment and how to make a
contribution to Flask, see the `contributing guidelines`_.
.. _contributing guidelines: https://github.com/pallets/flask/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.rst
Donate
------
The Pallets organization develops and supports Flask and the libraries
it uses. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and
allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, `please
donate today`_.
.. _please donate today: https://psfmember.org/civicrm/contribute/transact?reset=1&id=20
Links
-----
* Website: https://palletsprojects.com/p/flask/
* Documentation: https://flask.palletsprojects.com/
* Releases: https://pypi.org/project/Flask/
* Code: https://github.com/pallets/flask
* Issue tracker: https://github.com/pallets/flask/issues
* Test status: https://dev.azure.com/pallets/flask/_build
* Official chat: https://discord.gg/t6rrQZH
.. _WSGI: https://wsgi.readthedocs.io
.. _Werkzeug: https://www.palletsprojects.com/p/werkzeug/
.. _Jinja: https://www.palletsprojects.com/p/jinja/
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/quickstart/

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../../Scripts/flask.exe,sha256=fz39qkAOYEU2-yxHVRRdGqHCvFReRoyj3AwYtm_fOac,102812
Flask-1.1.2.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
Flask-1.1.2.dist-info/LICENSE.rst,sha256=SJqOEQhQntmKN7uYPhHg9-HTHwvY-Zp5yESOf_N9B-o,1475
Flask-1.1.2.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=3INpPWH6nKfZ33R2N-bQZy4TOe1wQCMweZc9mwcNrtc,4591
Flask-1.1.2.dist-info/RECORD,,
Flask-1.1.2.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=8zNYZbwQSXoB9IfXOjPfeNwvAsALAjffgk27FqvCWbo,110
Flask-1.1.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=gBLA1aKg0OYR8AhbAfg8lnburHtKcgJLDU52BBctN0k,42
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[console_scripts]
flask = flask.cli:main

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flask

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pip

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Copyright 2007 Pallets
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: Jinja2
Version: 2.11.1
Summary: A very fast and expressive template engine.
Home-page: https://palletsprojects.com/p/jinja/
Author: Armin Ronacher
Author-email: armin.ronacher@active-4.com
Maintainer: Pallets
Maintainer-email: contact@palletsprojects.com
License: BSD-3-Clause
Project-URL: Documentation, https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/
Project-URL: Code, https://github.com/pallets/jinja
Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/pallets/jinja/issues
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML
Requires-Python: >=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*
Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
Requires-Dist: MarkupSafe (>=0.23)
Provides-Extra: i18n
Requires-Dist: Babel (>=0.8) ; extra == 'i18n'
Jinja
=====
Jinja is a fast, expressive, extensible templating engine. Special
placeholders in the template allow writing code similar to Python
syntax. Then the template is passed data to render the final document.
It includes:
- Template inheritance and inclusion.
- Define and import macros within templates.
- HTML templates can use autoescaping to prevent XSS from untrusted
user input.
- A sandboxed environment can safely render untrusted templates.
- AsyncIO support for generating templates and calling async
functions.
- I18N support with Babel.
- Templates are compiled to optimized Python code just-in-time and
cached, or can be compiled ahead-of-time.
- Exceptions point to the correct line in templates to make debugging
easier.
- Extensible filters, tests, functions, and even syntax.
Jinja's philosophy is that while application logic belongs in Python if
possible, it shouldn't make the template designer's job difficult by
restricting functionality too much.
Installing
----------
Install and update using `pip`_:
.. code-block:: text
$ pip install -U Jinja2
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/quickstart/
In A Nutshell
-------------
.. code-block:: jinja
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}Members{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<ul>
{% for user in users %}
<li><a href="{{ user.url }}">{{ user.username }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock %}
Links
-----
- Website: https://palletsprojects.com/p/jinja/
- Documentation: https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/
- Releases: https://pypi.org/project/Jinja2/
- Code: https://github.com/pallets/jinja
- Issue tracker: https://github.com/pallets/jinja/issues
- Test status: https://dev.azure.com/pallets/jinja/_build
- Official chat: https://discord.gg/t6rrQZH

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[babel.extractors]
jinja2 = jinja2.ext:babel_extract [i18n]

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jinja2

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Copyright 2010 Pallets
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: MarkupSafe
Version: 1.1.1
Summary: Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup.
Home-page: https://palletsprojects.com/p/markupsafe/
Author: Armin Ronacher
Author-email: armin.ronacher@active-4.com
Maintainer: The Pallets Team
Maintainer-email: contact@palletsprojects.com
License: BSD-3-Clause
Project-URL: Documentation, https://markupsafe.palletsprojects.com/
Project-URL: Code, https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe/issues
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML
Requires-Python: >=2.7,!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*
MarkupSafe
==========
MarkupSafe implements a text object that escapes characters so it is
safe to use in HTML and XML. Characters that have special meanings are
replaced so that they display as the actual characters. This mitigates
injection attacks, meaning untrusted user input can safely be displayed
on a page.
Installing
----------
Install and update using `pip`_:
.. code-block:: text
pip install -U MarkupSafe
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/quickstart/
Examples
--------
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> from markupsafe import Markup, escape
>>> # escape replaces special characters and wraps in Markup
>>> escape('<script>alert(document.cookie);</script>')
Markup(u'&lt;script&gt;alert(document.cookie);&lt;/script&gt;')
>>> # wrap in Markup to mark text "safe" and prevent escaping
>>> Markup('<strong>Hello</strong>')
Markup('<strong>hello</strong>')
>>> escape(Markup('<strong>Hello</strong>'))
Markup('<strong>hello</strong>')
>>> # Markup is a text subclass (str on Python 3, unicode on Python 2)
>>> # methods and operators escape their arguments
>>> template = Markup("Hello <em>%s</em>")
>>> template % '"World"'
Markup('Hello <em>&#34;World&#34;</em>')
Donate
------
The Pallets organization develops and supports MarkupSafe and other
libraries that use it. In order to grow the community of contributors
and users, and allow the maintainers to devote more time to the
projects, `please donate today`_.
.. _please donate today: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
Links
-----
* Website: https://palletsprojects.com/p/markupsafe/
* Documentation: https://markupsafe.palletsprojects.com/
* License: `BSD-3-Clause <https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe/blob/master/LICENSE.rst>`_
* Releases: https://pypi.org/project/MarkupSafe/
* Code: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
* Issue tracker: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe/issues
* Test status:
* Linux, Mac: https://travis-ci.org/pallets/markupsafe
* Windows: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/pallets/markupsafe
* Test coverage: https://codecov.io/gh/pallets/markupsafe

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markupsafe

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pip

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Copyright 2007 Pallets
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: Werkzeug
Version: 1.0.1
Summary: The comprehensive WSGI web application library.
Home-page: https://palletsprojects.com/p/werkzeug/
Author: Armin Ronacher
Author-email: armin.ronacher@active-4.com
Maintainer: Pallets
Maintainer-email: contact@palletsprojects.com
License: BSD-3-Clause
Project-URL: Documentation, https://werkzeug.palletsprojects.com/
Project-URL: Code, https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug
Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/issues
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Application
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Middleware
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Requires-Python: >=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*
Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
Provides-Extra: dev
Requires-Dist: pytest ; extra == 'dev'
Requires-Dist: pytest-timeout ; extra == 'dev'
Requires-Dist: coverage ; extra == 'dev'
Requires-Dist: tox ; extra == 'dev'
Requires-Dist: sphinx ; extra == 'dev'
Requires-Dist: pallets-sphinx-themes ; extra == 'dev'
Requires-Dist: sphinx-issues ; extra == 'dev'
Provides-Extra: watchdog
Requires-Dist: watchdog ; extra == 'watchdog'
Werkzeug
========
*werkzeug* German noun: "tool". Etymology: *werk* ("work"), *zeug* ("stuff")
Werkzeug is a comprehensive `WSGI`_ web application library. It began as
a simple collection of various utilities for WSGI applications and has
become one of the most advanced WSGI utility libraries.
It includes:
- An interactive debugger that allows inspecting stack traces and
source code in the browser with an interactive interpreter for any
frame in the stack.
- A full-featured request object with objects to interact with
headers, query args, form data, files, and cookies.
- A response object that can wrap other WSGI applications and handle
streaming data.
- A routing system for matching URLs to endpoints and generating URLs
for endpoints, with an extensible system for capturing variables
from URLs.
- HTTP utilities to handle entity tags, cache control, dates, user
agents, cookies, files, and more.
- A threaded WSGI server for use while developing applications
locally.
- A test client for simulating HTTP requests during testing without
requiring running a server.
Werkzeug is Unicode aware and doesn't enforce any dependencies. It is up
to the developer to choose a template engine, database adapter, and even
how to handle requests. It can be used to build all sorts of end user
applications such as blogs, wikis, or bulletin boards.
`Flask`_ wraps Werkzeug, using it to handle the details of WSGI while
providing more structure and patterns for defining powerful
applications.
Installing
----------
Install and update using `pip`_:
.. code-block:: text
pip install -U Werkzeug
A Simple Example
----------------
.. code-block:: python
from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response
@Request.application
def application(request):
return Response('Hello, World!')
if __name__ == '__main__':
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
run_simple('localhost', 4000, application)
Links
-----
- Website: https://palletsprojects.com/p/werkzeug/
- Documentation: https://werkzeug.palletsprojects.com/
- Releases: https://pypi.org/project/Werkzeug/
- Code: https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug
- Issue tracker: https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/issues
- Test status: https://dev.azure.com/pallets/werkzeug/_build
- Official chat: https://discord.gg/t6rrQZH
.. _WSGI: https://wsgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
.. _Flask: https://www.palletsprojects.com/p/flask/
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/quickstart/

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werkzeug

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pip

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Copyright 2014 Pallets
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: click
Version: 7.1.1
Summary: Composable command line interface toolkit
Home-page: https://palletsprojects.com/p/click/
Maintainer: Pallets
Maintainer-email: contact@palletsprojects.com
License: BSD-3-Clause
Project-URL: Documentation, https://click.palletsprojects.com/
Project-URL: Code, https://github.com/pallets/click
Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/pallets/click/issues
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Requires-Python: >=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*
\$ click\_
==========
Click is a Python package for creating beautiful command line interfaces
in a composable way with as little code as necessary. It's the "Command
Line Interface Creation Kit". It's highly configurable but comes with
sensible defaults out of the box.
It aims to make the process of writing command line tools quick and fun
while also preventing any frustration caused by the inability to
implement an intended CLI API.
Click in three points:
- Arbitrary nesting of commands
- Automatic help page generation
- Supports lazy loading of subcommands at runtime
Installing
----------
Install and update using `pip`_:
.. code-block:: text
$ pip install -U click
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/quickstart/
A Simple Example
----------------
.. code-block:: python
import click
@click.command()
@click.option("--count", default=1, help="Number of greetings.")
@click.option("--name", prompt="Your name", help="The person to greet.")
def hello(count, name):
"""Simple program that greets NAME for a total of COUNT times."""
for _ in range(count):
click.echo(f"Hello, {name}!")
if __name__ == '__main__':
hello()
.. code-block:: text
$ python hello.py --count=3
Your name: Click
Hello, Click!
Hello, Click!
Hello, Click!
Donate
------
The Pallets organization develops and supports Click and other popular
packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and
allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, `please
donate today`_.
.. _please donate today: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
Links
-----
- Website: https://palletsprojects.com/p/click/
- Documentation: https://click.palletsprojects.com/
- Releases: https://pypi.org/project/click/
- Code: https://github.com/pallets/click
- Issue tracker: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues
- Test status: https://dev.azure.com/pallets/click/_build
- Official chat: https://discord.gg/t6rrQZH

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click

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"""
Click is a simple Python module inspired by the stdlib optparse to make
writing command line scripts fun. Unlike other modules, it's based
around a simple API that does not come with too much magic and is
composable.
"""
from .core import Argument
from .core import BaseCommand
from .core import Command
from .core import CommandCollection
from .core import Context
from .core import Group
from .core import MultiCommand
from .core import Option
from .core import Parameter
from .decorators import argument
from .decorators import command
from .decorators import confirmation_option
from .decorators import group
from .decorators import help_option
from .decorators import make_pass_decorator
from .decorators import option
from .decorators import pass_context
from .decorators import pass_obj
from .decorators import password_option
from .decorators import version_option
from .exceptions import Abort
from .exceptions import BadArgumentUsage
from .exceptions import BadOptionUsage
from .exceptions import BadParameter
from .exceptions import ClickException
from .exceptions import FileError
from .exceptions import MissingParameter
from .exceptions import NoSuchOption
from .exceptions import UsageError
from .formatting import HelpFormatter
from .formatting import wrap_text
from .globals import get_current_context
from .parser import OptionParser
from .termui import clear
from .termui import confirm
from .termui import echo_via_pager
from .termui import edit
from .termui import get_terminal_size
from .termui import getchar
from .termui import launch
from .termui import pause
from .termui import progressbar
from .termui import prompt
from .termui import secho
from .termui import style
from .termui import unstyle
from .types import BOOL
from .types import Choice
from .types import DateTime
from .types import File
from .types import FLOAT
from .types import FloatRange
from .types import INT
from .types import IntRange
from .types import ParamType
from .types import Path
from .types import STRING
from .types import Tuple
from .types import UNPROCESSED
from .types import UUID
from .utils import echo
from .utils import format_filename
from .utils import get_app_dir
from .utils import get_binary_stream
from .utils import get_os_args
from .utils import get_text_stream
from .utils import open_file
# Controls if click should emit the warning about the use of unicode
# literals.
disable_unicode_literals_warning = False
__version__ = "7.1.1"

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import copy
import os
import re
from .core import Argument
from .core import MultiCommand
from .core import Option
from .parser import split_arg_string
from .types import Choice
from .utils import echo
try:
from collections import abc
except ImportError:
import collections as abc
WORDBREAK = "="
# Note, only BASH version 4.4 and later have the nosort option.
COMPLETION_SCRIPT_BASH = """
%(complete_func)s() {
local IFS=$'\n'
COMPREPLY=( $( env COMP_WORDS="${COMP_WORDS[*]}" \\
COMP_CWORD=$COMP_CWORD \\
%(autocomplete_var)s=complete $1 ) )
return 0
}
%(complete_func)setup() {
local COMPLETION_OPTIONS=""
local BASH_VERSION_ARR=(${BASH_VERSION//./ })
# Only BASH version 4.4 and later have the nosort option.
if [ ${BASH_VERSION_ARR[0]} -gt 4 ] || ([ ${BASH_VERSION_ARR[0]} -eq 4 ] \
&& [ ${BASH_VERSION_ARR[1]} -ge 4 ]); then
COMPLETION_OPTIONS="-o nosort"
fi
complete $COMPLETION_OPTIONS -F %(complete_func)s %(script_names)s
}
%(complete_func)setup
"""
COMPLETION_SCRIPT_ZSH = """
#compdef %(script_names)s
%(complete_func)s() {
local -a completions
local -a completions_with_descriptions
local -a response
(( ! $+commands[%(script_names)s] )) && return 1
response=("${(@f)$( env COMP_WORDS=\"${words[*]}\" \\
COMP_CWORD=$((CURRENT-1)) \\
%(autocomplete_var)s=\"complete_zsh\" \\
%(script_names)s )}")
for key descr in ${(kv)response}; do
if [[ "$descr" == "_" ]]; then
completions+=("$key")
else
completions_with_descriptions+=("$key":"$descr")
fi
done
if [ -n "$completions_with_descriptions" ]; then
_describe -V unsorted completions_with_descriptions -U
fi
if [ -n "$completions" ]; then
compadd -U -V unsorted -a completions
fi
compstate[insert]="automenu"
}
compdef %(complete_func)s %(script_names)s
"""
COMPLETION_SCRIPT_FISH = (
"complete --no-files --command %(script_names)s --arguments"
' "(env %(autocomplete_var)s=complete_fish'
" COMP_WORDS=(commandline -cp) COMP_CWORD=(commandline -t)"
' %(script_names)s)"'
)
_completion_scripts = {
"bash": COMPLETION_SCRIPT_BASH,
"zsh": COMPLETION_SCRIPT_ZSH,
"fish": COMPLETION_SCRIPT_FISH,
}
_invalid_ident_char_re = re.compile(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9_]")
def get_completion_script(prog_name, complete_var, shell):
cf_name = _invalid_ident_char_re.sub("", prog_name.replace("-", "_"))
script = _completion_scripts.get(shell, COMPLETION_SCRIPT_BASH)
return (
script
% {
"complete_func": "_{}_completion".format(cf_name),
"script_names": prog_name,
"autocomplete_var": complete_var,
}
).strip() + ";"
def resolve_ctx(cli, prog_name, args):
"""Parse into a hierarchy of contexts. Contexts are connected
through the parent variable.
:param cli: command definition
:param prog_name: the program that is running
:param args: full list of args
:return: the final context/command parsed
"""
ctx = cli.make_context(prog_name, args, resilient_parsing=True)
args = ctx.protected_args + ctx.args
while args:
if isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand):
if not ctx.command.chain:
cmd_name, cmd, args = ctx.command.resolve_command(ctx, args)
if cmd is None:
return ctx
ctx = cmd.make_context(
cmd_name, args, parent=ctx, resilient_parsing=True
)
args = ctx.protected_args + ctx.args
else:
# Walk chained subcommand contexts saving the last one.
while args:
cmd_name, cmd, args = ctx.command.resolve_command(ctx, args)
if cmd is None:
return ctx
sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(
cmd_name,
args,
parent=ctx,
allow_extra_args=True,
allow_interspersed_args=False,
resilient_parsing=True,
)
args = sub_ctx.args
ctx = sub_ctx
args = sub_ctx.protected_args + sub_ctx.args
else:
break
return ctx
def start_of_option(param_str):
"""
:param param_str: param_str to check
:return: whether or not this is the start of an option declaration
(i.e. starts "-" or "--")
"""
return param_str and param_str[:1] == "-"
def is_incomplete_option(all_args, cmd_param):
"""
:param all_args: the full original list of args supplied
:param cmd_param: the current command paramter
:return: whether or not the last option declaration (i.e. starts
"-" or "--") is incomplete and corresponds to this cmd_param. In
other words whether this cmd_param option can still accept
values
"""
if not isinstance(cmd_param, Option):
return False
if cmd_param.is_flag:
return False
last_option = None
for index, arg_str in enumerate(
reversed([arg for arg in all_args if arg != WORDBREAK])
):
if index + 1 > cmd_param.nargs:
break
if start_of_option(arg_str):
last_option = arg_str
return True if last_option and last_option in cmd_param.opts else False
def is_incomplete_argument(current_params, cmd_param):
"""
:param current_params: the current params and values for this
argument as already entered
:param cmd_param: the current command parameter
:return: whether or not the last argument is incomplete and
corresponds to this cmd_param. In other words whether or not the
this cmd_param argument can still accept values
"""
if not isinstance(cmd_param, Argument):
return False
current_param_values = current_params[cmd_param.name]
if current_param_values is None:
return True
if cmd_param.nargs == -1:
return True
if (
isinstance(current_param_values, abc.Iterable)
and cmd_param.nargs > 1
and len(current_param_values) < cmd_param.nargs
):
return True
return False
def get_user_autocompletions(ctx, args, incomplete, cmd_param):
"""
:param ctx: context associated with the parsed command
:param args: full list of args
:param incomplete: the incomplete text to autocomplete
:param cmd_param: command definition
:return: all the possible user-specified completions for the param
"""
results = []
if isinstance(cmd_param.type, Choice):
# Choices don't support descriptions.
results = [
(c, None) for c in cmd_param.type.choices if str(c).startswith(incomplete)
]
elif cmd_param.autocompletion is not None:
dynamic_completions = cmd_param.autocompletion(
ctx=ctx, args=args, incomplete=incomplete
)
results = [
c if isinstance(c, tuple) else (c, None) for c in dynamic_completions
]
return results
def get_visible_commands_starting_with(ctx, starts_with):
"""
:param ctx: context associated with the parsed command
:starts_with: string that visible commands must start with.
:return: all visible (not hidden) commands that start with starts_with.
"""
for c in ctx.command.list_commands(ctx):
if c.startswith(starts_with):
command = ctx.command.get_command(ctx, c)
if not command.hidden:
yield command
def add_subcommand_completions(ctx, incomplete, completions_out):
# Add subcommand completions.
if isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand):
completions_out.extend(
[
(c.name, c.get_short_help_str())
for c in get_visible_commands_starting_with(ctx, incomplete)
]
)
# Walk up the context list and add any other completion
# possibilities from chained commands
while ctx.parent is not None:
ctx = ctx.parent
if isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand) and ctx.command.chain:
remaining_commands = [
c
for c in get_visible_commands_starting_with(ctx, incomplete)
if c.name not in ctx.protected_args
]
completions_out.extend(
[(c.name, c.get_short_help_str()) for c in remaining_commands]
)
def get_choices(cli, prog_name, args, incomplete):
"""
:param cli: command definition
:param prog_name: the program that is running
:param args: full list of args
:param incomplete: the incomplete text to autocomplete
:return: all the possible completions for the incomplete
"""
all_args = copy.deepcopy(args)
ctx = resolve_ctx(cli, prog_name, args)
if ctx is None:
return []
has_double_dash = "--" in all_args
# In newer versions of bash long opts with '='s are partitioned, but
# it's easier to parse without the '='
if start_of_option(incomplete) and WORDBREAK in incomplete:
partition_incomplete = incomplete.partition(WORDBREAK)
all_args.append(partition_incomplete[0])
incomplete = partition_incomplete[2]
elif incomplete == WORDBREAK:
incomplete = ""
completions = []
if not has_double_dash and start_of_option(incomplete):
# completions for partial options
for param in ctx.command.params:
if isinstance(param, Option) and not param.hidden:
param_opts = [
param_opt
for param_opt in param.opts + param.secondary_opts
if param_opt not in all_args or param.multiple
]
completions.extend(
[(o, param.help) for o in param_opts if o.startswith(incomplete)]
)
return completions
# completion for option values from user supplied values
for param in ctx.command.params:
if is_incomplete_option(all_args, param):
return get_user_autocompletions(ctx, all_args, incomplete, param)
# completion for argument values from user supplied values
for param in ctx.command.params:
if is_incomplete_argument(ctx.params, param):
return get_user_autocompletions(ctx, all_args, incomplete, param)
add_subcommand_completions(ctx, incomplete, completions)
# Sort before returning so that proper ordering can be enforced in custom types.
return sorted(completions)
def do_complete(cli, prog_name, include_descriptions):
cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
cword = int(os.environ["COMP_CWORD"])
args = cwords[1:cword]
try:
incomplete = cwords[cword]
except IndexError:
incomplete = ""
for item in get_choices(cli, prog_name, args, incomplete):
echo(item[0])
if include_descriptions:
# ZSH has trouble dealing with empty array parameters when
# returned from commands, use '_' to indicate no description
# is present.
echo(item[1] if item[1] else "_")
return True
def do_complete_fish(cli, prog_name):
cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
incomplete = os.environ["COMP_CWORD"]
args = cwords[1:]
for item in get_choices(cli, prog_name, args, incomplete):
if item[1]:
echo("{arg}\t{desc}".format(arg=item[0], desc=item[1]))
else:
echo(item[0])
return True
def bashcomplete(cli, prog_name, complete_var, complete_instr):
if "_" in complete_instr:
command, shell = complete_instr.split("_", 1)
else:
command = complete_instr
shell = "bash"
if command == "source":
echo(get_completion_script(prog_name, complete_var, shell))
return True
elif command == "complete":
if shell == "fish":
return do_complete_fish(cli, prog_name)
elif shell in {"bash", "zsh"}:
return do_complete(cli, prog_name, shell == "zsh")
return False

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# flake8: noqa
import codecs
import io
import os
import re
import sys
from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
CYGWIN = sys.platform.startswith("cygwin")
MSYS2 = sys.platform.startswith("win") and ("GCC" in sys.version)
# Determine local App Engine environment, per Google's own suggestion
APP_ENGINE = "APPENGINE_RUNTIME" in os.environ and "Development/" in os.environ.get(
"SERVER_SOFTWARE", ""
)
WIN = sys.platform.startswith("win") and not APP_ENGINE and not MSYS2
DEFAULT_COLUMNS = 80
_ansi_re = re.compile(r"\033\[[;?0-9]*[a-zA-Z]")
def get_filesystem_encoding():
return sys.getfilesystemencoding() or sys.getdefaultencoding()
def _make_text_stream(
stream, encoding, errors, force_readable=False, force_writable=False
):
if encoding is None:
encoding = get_best_encoding(stream)
if errors is None:
errors = "replace"
return _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
stream,
encoding,
errors,
line_buffering=True,
force_readable=force_readable,
force_writable=force_writable,
)
def is_ascii_encoding(encoding):
"""Checks if a given encoding is ascii."""
try:
return codecs.lookup(encoding).name == "ascii"
except LookupError:
return False
def get_best_encoding(stream):
"""Returns the default stream encoding if not found."""
rv = getattr(stream, "encoding", None) or sys.getdefaultencoding()
if is_ascii_encoding(rv):
return "utf-8"
return rv
class _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper):
def __init__(
self,
stream,
encoding,
errors,
force_readable=False,
force_writable=False,
**extra
):
self._stream = stream = _FixupStream(stream, force_readable, force_writable)
io.TextIOWrapper.__init__(self, stream, encoding, errors, **extra)
# The io module is a place where the Python 3 text behavior
# was forced upon Python 2, so we need to unbreak
# it to look like Python 2.
if PY2:
def write(self, x):
if isinstance(x, str) or is_bytes(x):
try:
self.flush()
except Exception:
pass
return self.buffer.write(str(x))
return io.TextIOWrapper.write(self, x)
def writelines(self, lines):
for line in lines:
self.write(line)
def __del__(self):
try:
self.detach()
except Exception:
pass
def isatty(self):
# https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issue/1803
return self._stream.isatty()
class _FixupStream(object):
"""The new io interface needs more from streams than streams
traditionally implement. As such, this fix-up code is necessary in
some circumstances.
The forcing of readable and writable flags are there because some tools
put badly patched objects on sys (one such offender are certain version
of jupyter notebook).
"""
def __init__(self, stream, force_readable=False, force_writable=False):
self._stream = stream
self._force_readable = force_readable
self._force_writable = force_writable
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._stream, name)
def read1(self, size):
f = getattr(self._stream, "read1", None)
if f is not None:
return f(size)
# We only dispatch to readline instead of read in Python 2 as we
# do not want cause problems with the different implementation
# of line buffering.
if PY2:
return self._stream.readline(size)
return self._stream.read(size)
def readable(self):
if self._force_readable:
return True
x = getattr(self._stream, "readable", None)
if x is not None:
return x()
try:
self._stream.read(0)
except Exception:
return False
return True
def writable(self):
if self._force_writable:
return True
x = getattr(self._stream, "writable", None)
if x is not None:
return x()
try:
self._stream.write("")
except Exception:
try:
self._stream.write(b"")
except Exception:
return False
return True
def seekable(self):
x = getattr(self._stream, "seekable", None)
if x is not None:
return x()
try:
self._stream.seek(self._stream.tell())
except Exception:
return False
return True
if PY2:
text_type = unicode
raw_input = raw_input
string_types = (str, unicode)
int_types = (int, long)
iteritems = lambda x: x.iteritems()
range_type = xrange
from pipes import quote as shlex_quote
def is_bytes(x):
return isinstance(x, (buffer, bytearray))
_identifier_re = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$")
# For Windows, we need to force stdout/stdin/stderr to binary if it's
# fetched for that. This obviously is not the most correct way to do
# it as it changes global state. Unfortunately, there does not seem to
# be a clear better way to do it as just reopening the file in binary
# mode does not change anything.
#
# An option would be to do what Python 3 does and to open the file as
# binary only, patch it back to the system, and then use a wrapper
# stream that converts newlines. It's not quite clear what's the
# correct option here.
#
# This code also lives in _winconsole for the fallback to the console
# emulation stream.
#
# There are also Windows environments where the `msvcrt` module is not
# available (which is why we use try-catch instead of the WIN variable
# here), such as the Google App Engine development server on Windows. In
# those cases there is just nothing we can do.
def set_binary_mode(f):
return f
try:
import msvcrt
except ImportError:
pass
else:
def set_binary_mode(f):
try:
fileno = f.fileno()
except Exception:
pass
else:
msvcrt.setmode(fileno, os.O_BINARY)
return f
try:
import fcntl
except ImportError:
pass
else:
def set_binary_mode(f):
try:
fileno = f.fileno()
except Exception:
pass
else:
flags = fcntl.fcntl(fileno, fcntl.F_GETFL)
fcntl.fcntl(fileno, fcntl.F_SETFL, flags & ~os.O_NONBLOCK)
return f
def isidentifier(x):
return _identifier_re.search(x) is not None
def get_binary_stdin():
return set_binary_mode(sys.stdin)
def get_binary_stdout():
_wrap_std_stream("stdout")
return set_binary_mode(sys.stdout)
def get_binary_stderr():
_wrap_std_stream("stderr")
return set_binary_mode(sys.stderr)
def get_text_stdin(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _make_text_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors, force_readable=True)
def get_text_stdout(encoding=None, errors=None):
_wrap_std_stream("stdout")
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _make_text_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors, force_writable=True)
def get_text_stderr(encoding=None, errors=None):
_wrap_std_stream("stderr")
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _make_text_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors, force_writable=True)
def filename_to_ui(value):
if isinstance(value, bytes):
value = value.decode(get_filesystem_encoding(), "replace")
return value
else:
import io
text_type = str
raw_input = input
string_types = (str,)
int_types = (int,)
range_type = range
isidentifier = lambda x: x.isidentifier()
iteritems = lambda x: iter(x.items())
from shlex import quote as shlex_quote
def is_bytes(x):
return isinstance(x, (bytes, memoryview, bytearray))
def _is_binary_reader(stream, default=False):
try:
return isinstance(stream.read(0), bytes)
except Exception:
return default
# This happens in some cases where the stream was already
# closed. In this case, we assume the default.
def _is_binary_writer(stream, default=False):
try:
stream.write(b"")
except Exception:
try:
stream.write("")
return False
except Exception:
pass
return default
return True
def _find_binary_reader(stream):
# We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
# This can happen because the official docs recommend detaching
# the streams to get binary streams. Some code might do this, so
# we need to deal with this case explicitly.
if _is_binary_reader(stream, False):
return stream
buf = getattr(stream, "buffer", None)
# Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
# actually binary in case it's closed.
if buf is not None and _is_binary_reader(buf, True):
return buf
def _find_binary_writer(stream):
# We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
# This can happen because the official docs recommend detatching
# the streams to get binary streams. Some code might do this, so
# we need to deal with this case explicitly.
if _is_binary_writer(stream, False):
return stream
buf = getattr(stream, "buffer", None)
# Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
# actually binary in case it's closed.
if buf is not None and _is_binary_writer(buf, True):
return buf
def _stream_is_misconfigured(stream):
"""A stream is misconfigured if its encoding is ASCII."""
# If the stream does not have an encoding set, we assume it's set
# to ASCII. This appears to happen in certain unittest
# environments. It's not quite clear what the correct behavior is
# but this at least will force Click to recover somehow.
return is_ascii_encoding(getattr(stream, "encoding", None) or "ascii")
def _is_compat_stream_attr(stream, attr, value):
"""A stream attribute is compatible if it is equal to the
desired value or the desired value is unset and the attribute
has a value.
"""
stream_value = getattr(stream, attr, None)
return stream_value == value or (value is None and stream_value is not None)
def _is_compatible_text_stream(stream, encoding, errors):
"""Check if a stream's encoding and errors attributes are
compatible with the desired values.
"""
return _is_compat_stream_attr(
stream, "encoding", encoding
) and _is_compat_stream_attr(stream, "errors", errors)
def _force_correct_text_stream(
text_stream,
encoding,
errors,
is_binary,
find_binary,
force_readable=False,
force_writable=False,
):
if is_binary(text_stream, False):
binary_reader = text_stream
else:
# If the stream looks compatible, and won't default to a
# misconfigured ascii encoding, return it as-is.
if _is_compatible_text_stream(text_stream, encoding, errors) and not (
encoding is None and _stream_is_misconfigured(text_stream)
):
return text_stream
# Otherwise, get the underlying binary reader.
binary_reader = find_binary(text_stream)
# If that's not possible, silently use the original reader
# and get mojibake instead of exceptions.
if binary_reader is None:
return text_stream
# Default errors to replace instead of strict in order to get
# something that works.
if errors is None:
errors = "replace"
# Wrap the binary stream in a text stream with the correct
# encoding parameters.
return _make_text_stream(
binary_reader,
encoding,
errors,
force_readable=force_readable,
force_writable=force_writable,
)
def _force_correct_text_reader(text_reader, encoding, errors, force_readable=False):
return _force_correct_text_stream(
text_reader,
encoding,
errors,
_is_binary_reader,
_find_binary_reader,
force_readable=force_readable,
)
def _force_correct_text_writer(text_writer, encoding, errors, force_writable=False):
return _force_correct_text_stream(
text_writer,
encoding,
errors,
_is_binary_writer,
_find_binary_writer,
force_writable=force_writable,
)
def get_binary_stdin():
reader = _find_binary_reader(sys.stdin)
if reader is None:
raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stdin.")
return reader
def get_binary_stdout():
writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stdout)
if writer is None:
raise RuntimeError(
"Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stdout."
)
return writer
def get_binary_stderr():
writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stderr)
if writer is None:
raise RuntimeError(
"Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stderr."
)
return writer
def get_text_stdin(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _force_correct_text_reader(
sys.stdin, encoding, errors, force_readable=True
)
def get_text_stdout(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _force_correct_text_writer(
sys.stdout, encoding, errors, force_writable=True
)
def get_text_stderr(encoding=None, errors=None):
rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors)
if rv is not None:
return rv
return _force_correct_text_writer(
sys.stderr, encoding, errors, force_writable=True
)
def filename_to_ui(value):
if isinstance(value, bytes):
value = value.decode(get_filesystem_encoding(), "replace")
else:
value = value.encode("utf-8", "surrogateescape").decode("utf-8", "replace")
return value
def get_streerror(e, default=None):
if hasattr(e, "strerror"):
msg = e.strerror
else:
if default is not None:
msg = default
else:
msg = str(e)
if isinstance(msg, bytes):
msg = msg.decode("utf-8", "replace")
return msg
def _wrap_io_open(file, mode, encoding, errors):
"""On Python 2, :func:`io.open` returns a text file wrapper that
requires passing ``unicode`` to ``write``. Need to open the file in
binary mode then wrap it in a subclass that can write ``str`` and
``unicode``.
Also handles not passing ``encoding`` and ``errors`` in binary mode.
"""
binary = "b" in mode
if binary:
kwargs = {}
else:
kwargs = {"encoding": encoding, "errors": errors}
if not PY2 or binary:
return io.open(file, mode, **kwargs)
f = io.open(file, "{}b".format(mode.replace("t", "")))
return _make_text_stream(f, **kwargs)
def open_stream(filename, mode="r", encoding=None, errors="strict", atomic=False):
binary = "b" in mode
# Standard streams first. These are simple because they don't need
# special handling for the atomic flag. It's entirely ignored.
if filename == "-":
if any(m in mode for m in ["w", "a", "x"]):
if binary:
return get_binary_stdout(), False
return get_text_stdout(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
if binary:
return get_binary_stdin(), False
return get_text_stdin(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
# Non-atomic writes directly go out through the regular open functions.
if not atomic:
return _wrap_io_open(filename, mode, encoding, errors), True
# Some usability stuff for atomic writes
if "a" in mode:
raise ValueError(
"Appending to an existing file is not supported, because that"
" would involve an expensive `copy`-operation to a temporary"
" file. Open the file in normal `w`-mode and copy explicitly"
" if that's what you're after."
)
if "x" in mode:
raise ValueError("Use the `overwrite`-parameter instead.")
if "w" not in mode:
raise ValueError("Atomic writes only make sense with `w`-mode.")
# Atomic writes are more complicated. They work by opening a file
# as a proxy in the same folder and then using the fdopen
# functionality to wrap it in a Python file. Then we wrap it in an
# atomic file that moves the file over on close.
import errno
import random
try:
perm = os.stat(filename).st_mode
except OSError:
perm = None
flags = os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL
if binary:
flags |= getattr(os, "O_BINARY", 0)
while True:
tmp_filename = os.path.join(
os.path.dirname(filename),
".__atomic-write{:08x}".format(random.randrange(1 << 32)),
)
try:
fd = os.open(tmp_filename, flags, 0o666 if perm is None else perm)
break
except OSError as e:
if e.errno == errno.EEXIST or (
os.name == "nt"
and e.errno == errno.EACCES
and os.path.isdir(e.filename)
and os.access(e.filename, os.W_OK)
):
continue
raise
if perm is not None:
os.chmod(tmp_filename, perm) # in case perm includes bits in umask
f = _wrap_io_open(fd, mode, encoding, errors)
return _AtomicFile(f, tmp_filename, os.path.realpath(filename)), True
# Used in a destructor call, needs extra protection from interpreter cleanup.
if hasattr(os, "replace"):
_replace = os.replace
_can_replace = True
else:
_replace = os.rename
_can_replace = not WIN
class _AtomicFile(object):
def __init__(self, f, tmp_filename, real_filename):
self._f = f
self._tmp_filename = tmp_filename
self._real_filename = real_filename
self.closed = False
@property
def name(self):
return self._real_filename
def close(self, delete=False):
if self.closed:
return
self._f.close()
if not _can_replace:
try:
os.remove(self._real_filename)
except OSError:
pass
_replace(self._tmp_filename, self._real_filename)
self.closed = True
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._f, name)
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.close(delete=exc_type is not None)
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self._f)
auto_wrap_for_ansi = None
colorama = None
get_winterm_size = None
def strip_ansi(value):
return _ansi_re.sub("", value)
def _is_jupyter_kernel_output(stream):
if WIN:
# TODO: Couldn't test on Windows, should't try to support until
# someone tests the details wrt colorama.
return
while isinstance(stream, (_FixupStream, _NonClosingTextIOWrapper)):
stream = stream._stream
return stream.__class__.__module__.startswith("ipykernel.")
def should_strip_ansi(stream=None, color=None):
if color is None:
if stream is None:
stream = sys.stdin
return not isatty(stream) and not _is_jupyter_kernel_output(stream)
return not color
# If we're on Windows, we provide transparent integration through
# colorama. This will make ANSI colors through the echo function
# work automatically.
if WIN:
# Windows has a smaller terminal
DEFAULT_COLUMNS = 79
from ._winconsole import _get_windows_console_stream, _wrap_std_stream
def _get_argv_encoding():
import locale
return locale.getpreferredencoding()
if PY2:
def raw_input(prompt=""):
sys.stderr.flush()
if prompt:
stdout = _default_text_stdout()
stdout.write(prompt)
stdin = _default_text_stdin()
return stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
try:
import colorama
except ImportError:
pass
else:
_ansi_stream_wrappers = WeakKeyDictionary()
def auto_wrap_for_ansi(stream, color=None):
"""This function wraps a stream so that calls through colorama
are issued to the win32 console API to recolor on demand. It
also ensures to reset the colors if a write call is interrupted
to not destroy the console afterwards.
"""
try:
cached = _ansi_stream_wrappers.get(stream)
except Exception:
cached = None
if cached is not None:
return cached
strip = should_strip_ansi(stream, color)
ansi_wrapper = colorama.AnsiToWin32(stream, strip=strip)
rv = ansi_wrapper.stream
_write = rv.write
def _safe_write(s):
try:
return _write(s)
except:
ansi_wrapper.reset_all()
raise
rv.write = _safe_write
try:
_ansi_stream_wrappers[stream] = rv
except Exception:
pass
return rv
def get_winterm_size():
win = colorama.win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
colorama.win32.STDOUT
).srWindow
return win.Right - win.Left, win.Bottom - win.Top
else:
def _get_argv_encoding():
return getattr(sys.stdin, "encoding", None) or get_filesystem_encoding()
_get_windows_console_stream = lambda *x: None
_wrap_std_stream = lambda *x: None
def term_len(x):
return len(strip_ansi(x))
def isatty(stream):
try:
return stream.isatty()
except Exception:
return False
def _make_cached_stream_func(src_func, wrapper_func):
cache = WeakKeyDictionary()
def func():
stream = src_func()
try:
rv = cache.get(stream)
except Exception:
rv = None
if rv is not None:
return rv
rv = wrapper_func()
try:
stream = src_func() # In case wrapper_func() modified the stream
cache[stream] = rv
except Exception:
pass
return rv
return func
_default_text_stdin = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stdin, get_text_stdin)
_default_text_stdout = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stdout, get_text_stdout)
_default_text_stderr = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stderr, get_text_stderr)
binary_streams = {
"stdin": get_binary_stdin,
"stdout": get_binary_stdout,
"stderr": get_binary_stderr,
}
text_streams = {
"stdin": get_text_stdin,
"stdout": get_text_stdout,
"stderr": get_text_stderr,
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
This module contains implementations for the termui module. To keep the
import time of Click down, some infrequently used functionality is
placed in this module and only imported as needed.
"""
import contextlib
import math
import os
import sys
import time
from ._compat import _default_text_stdout
from ._compat import CYGWIN
from ._compat import get_best_encoding
from ._compat import int_types
from ._compat import isatty
from ._compat import open_stream
from ._compat import range_type
from ._compat import shlex_quote
from ._compat import strip_ansi
from ._compat import term_len
from ._compat import WIN
from .exceptions import ClickException
from .utils import echo
if os.name == "nt":
BEFORE_BAR = "\r"
AFTER_BAR = "\n"
else:
BEFORE_BAR = "\r\033[?25l"
AFTER_BAR = "\033[?25h\n"
def _length_hint(obj):
"""Returns the length hint of an object."""
try:
return len(obj)
except (AttributeError, TypeError):
try:
get_hint = type(obj).__length_hint__
except AttributeError:
return None
try:
hint = get_hint(obj)
except TypeError:
return None
if hint is NotImplemented or not isinstance(hint, int_types) or hint < 0:
return None
return hint
class ProgressBar(object):
def __init__(
self,
iterable,
length=None,
fill_char="#",
empty_char=" ",
bar_template="%(bar)s",
info_sep=" ",
show_eta=True,
show_percent=None,
show_pos=False,
item_show_func=None,
label=None,
file=None,
color=None,
width=30,
):
self.fill_char = fill_char
self.empty_char = empty_char
self.bar_template = bar_template
self.info_sep = info_sep
self.show_eta = show_eta
self.show_percent = show_percent
self.show_pos = show_pos
self.item_show_func = item_show_func
self.label = label or ""
if file is None:
file = _default_text_stdout()
self.file = file
self.color = color
self.width = width
self.autowidth = width == 0
if length is None:
length = _length_hint(iterable)
if iterable is None:
if length is None:
raise TypeError("iterable or length is required")
iterable = range_type(length)
self.iter = iter(iterable)
self.length = length
self.length_known = length is not None
self.pos = 0
self.avg = []
self.start = self.last_eta = time.time()
self.eta_known = False
self.finished = False
self.max_width = None
self.entered = False
self.current_item = None
self.is_hidden = not isatty(self.file)
self._last_line = None
self.short_limit = 0.5
def __enter__(self):
self.entered = True
self.render_progress()
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.render_finish()
def __iter__(self):
if not self.entered:
raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
self.render_progress()
return self.generator()
def __next__(self):
# Iteration is defined in terms of a generator function,
# returned by iter(self); use that to define next(). This works
# because `self.iter` is an iterable consumed by that generator,
# so it is re-entry safe. Calling `next(self.generator())`
# twice works and does "what you want".
return next(iter(self))
# Python 2 compat
next = __next__
def is_fast(self):
return time.time() - self.start <= self.short_limit
def render_finish(self):
if self.is_hidden or self.is_fast():
return
self.file.write(AFTER_BAR)
self.file.flush()
@property
def pct(self):
if self.finished:
return 1.0
return min(self.pos / (float(self.length) or 1), 1.0)
@property
def time_per_iteration(self):
if not self.avg:
return 0.0
return sum(self.avg) / float(len(self.avg))
@property
def eta(self):
if self.length_known and not self.finished:
return self.time_per_iteration * (self.length - self.pos)
return 0.0
def format_eta(self):
if self.eta_known:
t = int(self.eta)
seconds = t % 60
t //= 60
minutes = t % 60
t //= 60
hours = t % 24
t //= 24
if t > 0:
return "{}d {:02}:{:02}:{:02}".format(t, hours, minutes, seconds)
else:
return "{:02}:{:02}:{:02}".format(hours, minutes, seconds)
return ""
def format_pos(self):
pos = str(self.pos)
if self.length_known:
pos += "/{}".format(self.length)
return pos
def format_pct(self):
return "{: 4}%".format(int(self.pct * 100))[1:]
def format_bar(self):
if self.length_known:
bar_length = int(self.pct * self.width)
bar = self.fill_char * bar_length
bar += self.empty_char * (self.width - bar_length)
elif self.finished:
bar = self.fill_char * self.width
else:
bar = list(self.empty_char * (self.width or 1))
if self.time_per_iteration != 0:
bar[
int(
(math.cos(self.pos * self.time_per_iteration) / 2.0 + 0.5)
* self.width
)
] = self.fill_char
bar = "".join(bar)
return bar
def format_progress_line(self):
show_percent = self.show_percent
info_bits = []
if self.length_known and show_percent is None:
show_percent = not self.show_pos
if self.show_pos:
info_bits.append(self.format_pos())
if show_percent:
info_bits.append(self.format_pct())
if self.show_eta and self.eta_known and not self.finished:
info_bits.append(self.format_eta())
if self.item_show_func is not None:
item_info = self.item_show_func(self.current_item)
if item_info is not None:
info_bits.append(item_info)
return (
self.bar_template
% {
"label": self.label,
"bar": self.format_bar(),
"info": self.info_sep.join(info_bits),
}
).rstrip()
def render_progress(self):
from .termui import get_terminal_size
if self.is_hidden:
return
buf = []
# Update width in case the terminal has been resized
if self.autowidth:
old_width = self.width
self.width = 0
clutter_length = term_len(self.format_progress_line())
new_width = max(0, get_terminal_size()[0] - clutter_length)
if new_width < old_width:
buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
buf.append(" " * self.max_width)
self.max_width = new_width
self.width = new_width
clear_width = self.width
if self.max_width is not None:
clear_width = self.max_width
buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
line = self.format_progress_line()
line_len = term_len(line)
if self.max_width is None or self.max_width < line_len:
self.max_width = line_len
buf.append(line)
buf.append(" " * (clear_width - line_len))
line = "".join(buf)
# Render the line only if it changed.
if line != self._last_line and not self.is_fast():
self._last_line = line
echo(line, file=self.file, color=self.color, nl=False)
self.file.flush()
def make_step(self, n_steps):
self.pos += n_steps
if self.length_known and self.pos >= self.length:
self.finished = True
if (time.time() - self.last_eta) < 1.0:
return
self.last_eta = time.time()
# self.avg is a rolling list of length <= 7 of steps where steps are
# defined as time elapsed divided by the total progress through
# self.length.
if self.pos:
step = (time.time() - self.start) / self.pos
else:
step = time.time() - self.start
self.avg = self.avg[-6:] + [step]
self.eta_known = self.length_known
def update(self, n_steps):
self.make_step(n_steps)
self.render_progress()
def finish(self):
self.eta_known = 0
self.current_item = None
self.finished = True
def generator(self):
"""Return a generator which yields the items added to the bar
during construction, and updates the progress bar *after* the
yielded block returns.
"""
# WARNING: the iterator interface for `ProgressBar` relies on
# this and only works because this is a simple generator which
# doesn't create or manage additional state. If this function
# changes, the impact should be evaluated both against
# `iter(bar)` and `next(bar)`. `next()` in particular may call
# `self.generator()` repeatedly, and this must remain safe in
# order for that interface to work.
if not self.entered:
raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
if self.is_hidden:
for rv in self.iter:
yield rv
else:
for rv in self.iter:
self.current_item = rv
yield rv
self.update(1)
self.finish()
self.render_progress()
def pager(generator, color=None):
"""Decide what method to use for paging through text."""
stdout = _default_text_stdout()
if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(stdout):
return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
pager_cmd = (os.environ.get("PAGER", None) or "").strip()
if pager_cmd:
if WIN:
return _tempfilepager(generator, pager_cmd, color)
return _pipepager(generator, pager_cmd, color)
if os.environ.get("TERM") in ("dumb", "emacs"):
return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
if WIN or sys.platform.startswith("os2"):
return _tempfilepager(generator, "more <", color)
if hasattr(os, "system") and os.system("(less) 2>/dev/null") == 0:
return _pipepager(generator, "less", color)
import tempfile
fd, filename = tempfile.mkstemp()
os.close(fd)
try:
if (
hasattr(os, "system")
and os.system("more {}".format(shlex_quote(filename))) == 0
):
return _pipepager(generator, "more", color)
return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color)
finally:
os.unlink(filename)
def _pipepager(generator, cmd, color):
"""Page through text by feeding it to another program. Invoking a
pager through this might support colors.
"""
import subprocess
env = dict(os.environ)
# If we're piping to less we might support colors under the
# condition that
cmd_detail = cmd.rsplit("/", 1)[-1].split()
if color is None and cmd_detail[0] == "less":
less_flags = "{}{}".format(os.environ.get("LESS", ""), " ".join(cmd_detail[1:]))
if not less_flags:
env["LESS"] = "-R"
color = True
elif "r" in less_flags or "R" in less_flags:
color = True
c = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, env=env)
encoding = get_best_encoding(c.stdin)
try:
for text in generator:
if not color:
text = strip_ansi(text)
c.stdin.write(text.encode(encoding, "replace"))
except (IOError, KeyboardInterrupt):
pass
else:
c.stdin.close()
# Less doesn't respect ^C, but catches it for its own UI purposes (aborting
# search or other commands inside less).
#
# That means when the user hits ^C, the parent process (click) terminates,
# but less is still alive, paging the output and messing up the terminal.
#
# If the user wants to make the pager exit on ^C, they should set
# `LESS='-K'`. It's not our decision to make.
while True:
try:
c.wait()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
else:
break
def _tempfilepager(generator, cmd, color):
"""Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file."""
import tempfile
filename = tempfile.mktemp()
# TODO: This never terminates if the passed generator never terminates.
text = "".join(generator)
if not color:
text = strip_ansi(text)
encoding = get_best_encoding(sys.stdout)
with open_stream(filename, "wb")[0] as f:
f.write(text.encode(encoding))
try:
os.system("{} {}".format(shlex_quote(cmd), shlex_quote(filename)))
finally:
os.unlink(filename)
def _nullpager(stream, generator, color):
"""Simply print unformatted text. This is the ultimate fallback."""
for text in generator:
if not color:
text = strip_ansi(text)
stream.write(text)
class Editor(object):
def __init__(self, editor=None, env=None, require_save=True, extension=".txt"):
self.editor = editor
self.env = env
self.require_save = require_save
self.extension = extension
def get_editor(self):
if self.editor is not None:
return self.editor
for key in "VISUAL", "EDITOR":
rv = os.environ.get(key)
if rv:
return rv
if WIN:
return "notepad"
for editor in "sensible-editor", "vim", "nano":
if os.system("which {} >/dev/null 2>&1".format(editor)) == 0:
return editor
return "vi"
def edit_file(self, filename):
import subprocess
editor = self.get_editor()
if self.env:
environ = os.environ.copy()
environ.update(self.env)
else:
environ = None
try:
c = subprocess.Popen(
"{} {}".format(shlex_quote(editor), shlex_quote(filename)),
env=environ,
shell=True,
)
exit_code = c.wait()
if exit_code != 0:
raise ClickException("{}: Editing failed!".format(editor))
except OSError as e:
raise ClickException("{}: Editing failed: {}".format(editor, e))
def edit(self, text):
import tempfile
text = text or ""
if text and not text.endswith("\n"):
text += "\n"
fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix="editor-", suffix=self.extension)
try:
if WIN:
encoding = "utf-8-sig"
text = text.replace("\n", "\r\n")
else:
encoding = "utf-8"
text = text.encode(encoding)
f = os.fdopen(fd, "wb")
f.write(text)
f.close()
timestamp = os.path.getmtime(name)
self.edit_file(name)
if self.require_save and os.path.getmtime(name) == timestamp:
return None
f = open(name, "rb")
try:
rv = f.read()
finally:
f.close()
return rv.decode("utf-8-sig").replace("\r\n", "\n")
finally:
os.unlink(name)
def open_url(url, wait=False, locate=False):
import subprocess
def _unquote_file(url):
try:
import urllib
except ImportError:
import urllib
if url.startswith("file://"):
url = urllib.unquote(url[7:])
return url
if sys.platform == "darwin":
args = ["open"]
if wait:
args.append("-W")
if locate:
args.append("-R")
args.append(_unquote_file(url))
null = open("/dev/null", "w")
try:
return subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=null).wait()
finally:
null.close()
elif WIN:
if locate:
url = _unquote_file(url)
args = "explorer /select,{}".format(shlex_quote(url))
else:
args = 'start {} "" {}'.format("/WAIT" if wait else "", shlex_quote(url))
return os.system(args)
elif CYGWIN:
if locate:
url = _unquote_file(url)
args = "cygstart {}".format(shlex_quote(os.path.dirname(url)))
else:
args = "cygstart {} {}".format("-w" if wait else "", shlex_quote(url))
return os.system(args)
try:
if locate:
url = os.path.dirname(_unquote_file(url)) or "."
else:
url = _unquote_file(url)
c = subprocess.Popen(["xdg-open", url])
if wait:
return c.wait()
return 0
except OSError:
if url.startswith(("http://", "https://")) and not locate and not wait:
import webbrowser
webbrowser.open(url)
return 0
return 1
def _translate_ch_to_exc(ch):
if ch == u"\x03":
raise KeyboardInterrupt()
if ch == u"\x04" and not WIN: # Unix-like, Ctrl+D
raise EOFError()
if ch == u"\x1a" and WIN: # Windows, Ctrl+Z
raise EOFError()
if WIN:
import msvcrt
@contextlib.contextmanager
def raw_terminal():
yield
def getchar(echo):
# The function `getch` will return a bytes object corresponding to
# the pressed character. Since Windows 10 build 1803, it will also
# return \x00 when called a second time after pressing a regular key.
#
# `getwch` does not share this probably-bugged behavior. Moreover, it
# returns a Unicode object by default, which is what we want.
#
# Either of these functions will return \x00 or \xe0 to indicate
# a special key, and you need to call the same function again to get
# the "rest" of the code. The fun part is that \u00e0 is
# "latin small letter a with grave", so if you type that on a French
# keyboard, you _also_ get a \xe0.
# E.g., consider the Up arrow. This returns \xe0 and then \x48. The
# resulting Unicode string reads as "a with grave" + "capital H".
# This is indistinguishable from when the user actually types
# "a with grave" and then "capital H".
#
# When \xe0 is returned, we assume it's part of a special-key sequence
# and call `getwch` again, but that means that when the user types
# the \u00e0 character, `getchar` doesn't return until a second
# character is typed.
# The alternative is returning immediately, but that would mess up
# cross-platform handling of arrow keys and others that start with
# \xe0. Another option is using `getch`, but then we can't reliably
# read non-ASCII characters, because return values of `getch` are
# limited to the current 8-bit codepage.
#
# Anyway, Click doesn't claim to do this Right(tm), and using `getwch`
# is doing the right thing in more situations than with `getch`.
if echo:
func = msvcrt.getwche
else:
func = msvcrt.getwch
rv = func()
if rv in (u"\x00", u"\xe0"):
# \x00 and \xe0 are control characters that indicate special key,
# see above.
rv += func()
_translate_ch_to_exc(rv)
return rv
else:
import tty
import termios
@contextlib.contextmanager
def raw_terminal():
if not isatty(sys.stdin):
f = open("/dev/tty")
fd = f.fileno()
else:
fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
f = None
try:
old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
try:
tty.setraw(fd)
yield fd
finally:
termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
sys.stdout.flush()
if f is not None:
f.close()
except termios.error:
pass
def getchar(echo):
with raw_terminal() as fd:
ch = os.read(fd, 32)
ch = ch.decode(get_best_encoding(sys.stdin), "replace")
if echo and isatty(sys.stdout):
sys.stdout.write(ch)
_translate_ch_to_exc(ch)
return ch

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import textwrap
from contextlib import contextmanager
class TextWrapper(textwrap.TextWrapper):
def _handle_long_word(self, reversed_chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width):
space_left = max(width - cur_len, 1)
if self.break_long_words:
last = reversed_chunks[-1]
cut = last[:space_left]
res = last[space_left:]
cur_line.append(cut)
reversed_chunks[-1] = res
elif not cur_line:
cur_line.append(reversed_chunks.pop())
@contextmanager
def extra_indent(self, indent):
old_initial_indent = self.initial_indent
old_subsequent_indent = self.subsequent_indent
self.initial_indent += indent
self.subsequent_indent += indent
try:
yield
finally:
self.initial_indent = old_initial_indent
self.subsequent_indent = old_subsequent_indent
def indent_only(self, text):
rv = []
for idx, line in enumerate(text.splitlines()):
indent = self.initial_indent
if idx > 0:
indent = self.subsequent_indent
rv.append(indent + line)
return "\n".join(rv)

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import codecs
import os
import sys
from ._compat import PY2
def _find_unicode_literals_frame():
import __future__
if not hasattr(sys, "_getframe"): # not all Python implementations have it
return 0
frm = sys._getframe(1)
idx = 1
while frm is not None:
if frm.f_globals.get("__name__", "").startswith("click."):
frm = frm.f_back
idx += 1
elif frm.f_code.co_flags & __future__.unicode_literals.compiler_flag:
return idx
else:
break
return 0
def _check_for_unicode_literals():
if not __debug__:
return
from . import disable_unicode_literals_warning
if not PY2 or disable_unicode_literals_warning:
return
bad_frame = _find_unicode_literals_frame()
if bad_frame <= 0:
return
from warnings import warn
warn(
Warning(
"Click detected the use of the unicode_literals __future__"
" import. This is heavily discouraged because it can"
" introduce subtle bugs in your code. You should instead"
' use explicit u"" literals for your unicode strings. For'
" more information see"
" https://click.palletsprojects.com/python3/"
),
stacklevel=bad_frame,
)
def _verify_python3_env():
"""Ensures that the environment is good for unicode on Python 3."""
if PY2:
return
try:
import locale
fs_enc = codecs.lookup(locale.getpreferredencoding()).name
except Exception:
fs_enc = "ascii"
if fs_enc != "ascii":
return
extra = ""
if os.name == "posix":
import subprocess
try:
rv = subprocess.Popen(
["locale", "-a"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE
).communicate()[0]
except OSError:
rv = b""
good_locales = set()
has_c_utf8 = False
# Make sure we're operating on text here.
if isinstance(rv, bytes):
rv = rv.decode("ascii", "replace")
for line in rv.splitlines():
locale = line.strip()
if locale.lower().endswith((".utf-8", ".utf8")):
good_locales.add(locale)
if locale.lower() in ("c.utf8", "c.utf-8"):
has_c_utf8 = True
extra += "\n\n"
if not good_locales:
extra += (
"Additional information: on this system no suitable"
" UTF-8 locales were discovered. This most likely"
" requires resolving by reconfiguring the locale"
" system."
)
elif has_c_utf8:
extra += (
"This system supports the C.UTF-8 locale which is"
" recommended. You might be able to resolve your issue"
" by exporting the following environment variables:\n\n"
" export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8\n"
" export LANG=C.UTF-8"
)
else:
extra += (
"This system lists a couple of UTF-8 supporting locales"
" that you can pick from. The following suitable"
" locales were discovered: {}".format(", ".join(sorted(good_locales)))
)
bad_locale = None
for locale in os.environ.get("LC_ALL"), os.environ.get("LANG"):
if locale and locale.lower().endswith((".utf-8", ".utf8")):
bad_locale = locale
if locale is not None:
break
if bad_locale is not None:
extra += (
"\n\nClick discovered that you exported a UTF-8 locale"
" but the locale system could not pick up from it"
" because it does not exist. The exported locale is"
" '{}' but it is not supported".format(bad_locale)
)
raise RuntimeError(
"Click will abort further execution because Python 3 was"
" configured to use ASCII as encoding for the environment."
" Consult https://click.palletsprojects.com/python3/ for"
" mitigation steps.{}".format(extra)
)

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# This module is based on the excellent work by Adam Bartoš who
# provided a lot of what went into the implementation here in
# the discussion to issue1602 in the Python bug tracker.
#
# There are some general differences in regards to how this works
# compared to the original patches as we do not need to patch
# the entire interpreter but just work in our little world of
# echo and prmopt.
import ctypes
import io
import os
import sys
import time
import zlib
from ctypes import byref
from ctypes import c_char
from ctypes import c_char_p
from ctypes import c_int
from ctypes import c_ssize_t
from ctypes import c_ulong
from ctypes import c_void_p
from ctypes import POINTER
from ctypes import py_object
from ctypes import windll
from ctypes import WinError
from ctypes import WINFUNCTYPE
from ctypes.wintypes import DWORD
from ctypes.wintypes import HANDLE
from ctypes.wintypes import LPCWSTR
from ctypes.wintypes import LPWSTR
import msvcrt
from ._compat import _NonClosingTextIOWrapper
from ._compat import PY2
from ._compat import text_type
try:
from ctypes import pythonapi
PyObject_GetBuffer = pythonapi.PyObject_GetBuffer
PyBuffer_Release = pythonapi.PyBuffer_Release
except ImportError:
pythonapi = None
c_ssize_p = POINTER(c_ssize_t)
kernel32 = windll.kernel32
GetStdHandle = kernel32.GetStdHandle
ReadConsoleW = kernel32.ReadConsoleW
WriteConsoleW = kernel32.WriteConsoleW
GetConsoleMode = kernel32.GetConsoleMode
GetLastError = kernel32.GetLastError
GetCommandLineW = WINFUNCTYPE(LPWSTR)(("GetCommandLineW", windll.kernel32))
CommandLineToArgvW = WINFUNCTYPE(POINTER(LPWSTR), LPCWSTR, POINTER(c_int))(
("CommandLineToArgvW", windll.shell32)
)
LocalFree = WINFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_void_p)(
("LocalFree", windll.kernel32)
)
STDIN_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-10)
STDOUT_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-11)
STDERR_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-12)
PyBUF_SIMPLE = 0
PyBUF_WRITABLE = 1
ERROR_SUCCESS = 0
ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY = 8
ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED = 995
STDIN_FILENO = 0
STDOUT_FILENO = 1
STDERR_FILENO = 2
EOF = b"\x1a"
MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN = 32767
class Py_buffer(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
("buf", c_void_p),
("obj", py_object),
("len", c_ssize_t),
("itemsize", c_ssize_t),
("readonly", c_int),
("ndim", c_int),
("format", c_char_p),
("shape", c_ssize_p),
("strides", c_ssize_p),
("suboffsets", c_ssize_p),
("internal", c_void_p),
]
if PY2:
_fields_.insert(-1, ("smalltable", c_ssize_t * 2))
# On PyPy we cannot get buffers so our ability to operate here is
# serverly limited.
if pythonapi is None:
get_buffer = None
else:
def get_buffer(obj, writable=False):
buf = Py_buffer()
flags = PyBUF_WRITABLE if writable else PyBUF_SIMPLE
PyObject_GetBuffer(py_object(obj), byref(buf), flags)
try:
buffer_type = c_char * buf.len
return buffer_type.from_address(buf.buf)
finally:
PyBuffer_Release(byref(buf))
class _WindowsConsoleRawIOBase(io.RawIOBase):
def __init__(self, handle):
self.handle = handle
def isatty(self):
io.RawIOBase.isatty(self)
return True
class _WindowsConsoleReader(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
def readable(self):
return True
def readinto(self, b):
bytes_to_be_read = len(b)
if not bytes_to_be_read:
return 0
elif bytes_to_be_read % 2:
raise ValueError(
"cannot read odd number of bytes from UTF-16-LE encoded console"
)
buffer = get_buffer(b, writable=True)
code_units_to_be_read = bytes_to_be_read // 2
code_units_read = c_ulong()
rv = ReadConsoleW(
HANDLE(self.handle),
buffer,
code_units_to_be_read,
byref(code_units_read),
None,
)
if GetLastError() == ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED:
# wait for KeyboardInterrupt
time.sleep(0.1)
if not rv:
raise OSError("Windows error: {}".format(GetLastError()))
if buffer[0] == EOF:
return 0
return 2 * code_units_read.value
class _WindowsConsoleWriter(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
def writable(self):
return True
@staticmethod
def _get_error_message(errno):
if errno == ERROR_SUCCESS:
return "ERROR_SUCCESS"
elif errno == ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
return "ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY"
return "Windows error {}".format(errno)
def write(self, b):
bytes_to_be_written = len(b)
buf = get_buffer(b)
code_units_to_be_written = min(bytes_to_be_written, MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN) // 2
code_units_written = c_ulong()
WriteConsoleW(
HANDLE(self.handle),
buf,
code_units_to_be_written,
byref(code_units_written),
None,
)
bytes_written = 2 * code_units_written.value
if bytes_written == 0 and bytes_to_be_written > 0:
raise OSError(self._get_error_message(GetLastError()))
return bytes_written
class ConsoleStream(object):
def __init__(self, text_stream, byte_stream):
self._text_stream = text_stream
self.buffer = byte_stream
@property
def name(self):
return self.buffer.name
def write(self, x):
if isinstance(x, text_type):
return self._text_stream.write(x)
try:
self.flush()
except Exception:
pass
return self.buffer.write(x)
def writelines(self, lines):
for line in lines:
self.write(line)
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._text_stream, name)
def isatty(self):
return self.buffer.isatty()
def __repr__(self):
return "<ConsoleStream name={!r} encoding={!r}>".format(
self.name, self.encoding
)
class WindowsChunkedWriter(object):
"""
Wraps a stream (such as stdout), acting as a transparent proxy for all
attribute access apart from method 'write()' which we wrap to write in
limited chunks due to a Windows limitation on binary console streams.
"""
def __init__(self, wrapped):
# double-underscore everything to prevent clashes with names of
# attributes on the wrapped stream object.
self.__wrapped = wrapped
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self.__wrapped, name)
def write(self, text):
total_to_write = len(text)
written = 0
while written < total_to_write:
to_write = min(total_to_write - written, MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN)
self.__wrapped.write(text[written : written + to_write])
written += to_write
_wrapped_std_streams = set()
def _wrap_std_stream(name):
# Python 2 & Windows 7 and below
if (
PY2
and sys.getwindowsversion()[:2] <= (6, 1)
and name not in _wrapped_std_streams
):
setattr(sys, name, WindowsChunkedWriter(getattr(sys, name)))
_wrapped_std_streams.add(name)
def _get_text_stdin(buffer_stream):
text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
io.BufferedReader(_WindowsConsoleReader(STDIN_HANDLE)),
"utf-16-le",
"strict",
line_buffering=True,
)
return ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream)
def _get_text_stdout(buffer_stream):
text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDOUT_HANDLE)),
"utf-16-le",
"strict",
line_buffering=True,
)
return ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream)
def _get_text_stderr(buffer_stream):
text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDERR_HANDLE)),
"utf-16-le",
"strict",
line_buffering=True,
)
return ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream)
if PY2:
def _hash_py_argv():
return zlib.crc32("\x00".join(sys.argv[1:]))
_initial_argv_hash = _hash_py_argv()
def _get_windows_argv():
argc = c_int(0)
argv_unicode = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), byref(argc))
if not argv_unicode:
raise WinError()
try:
argv = [argv_unicode[i] for i in range(0, argc.value)]
finally:
LocalFree(argv_unicode)
del argv_unicode
if not hasattr(sys, "frozen"):
argv = argv[1:]
while len(argv) > 0:
arg = argv[0]
if not arg.startswith("-") or arg == "-":
break
argv = argv[1:]
if arg.startswith(("-c", "-m")):
break
return argv[1:]
_stream_factories = {
0: _get_text_stdin,
1: _get_text_stdout,
2: _get_text_stderr,
}
def _is_console(f):
if not hasattr(f, "fileno"):
return False
try:
fileno = f.fileno()
except OSError:
return False
handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(fileno)
return bool(GetConsoleMode(handle, byref(DWORD())))
def _get_windows_console_stream(f, encoding, errors):
if (
get_buffer is not None
and encoding in ("utf-16-le", None)
and errors in ("strict", None)
and _is_console(f)
):
func = _stream_factories.get(f.fileno())
if func is not None:
if not PY2:
f = getattr(f, "buffer", None)
if f is None:
return None
else:
# If we are on Python 2 we need to set the stream that we
# deal with to binary mode as otherwise the exercise if a
# bit moot. The same problems apply as for
# get_binary_stdin and friends from _compat.
msvcrt.setmode(f.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
return func(f)

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import inspect
import sys
from functools import update_wrapper
from ._compat import iteritems
from ._unicodefun import _check_for_unicode_literals
from .core import Argument
from .core import Command
from .core import Group
from .core import Option
from .globals import get_current_context
from .utils import echo
def pass_context(f):
"""Marks a callback as wanting to receive the current context
object as first argument.
"""
def new_func(*args, **kwargs):
return f(get_current_context(), *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
def pass_obj(f):
"""Similar to :func:`pass_context`, but only pass the object on the
context onwards (:attr:`Context.obj`). This is useful if that object
represents the state of a nested system.
"""
def new_func(*args, **kwargs):
return f(get_current_context().obj, *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
def make_pass_decorator(object_type, ensure=False):
"""Given an object type this creates a decorator that will work
similar to :func:`pass_obj` but instead of passing the object of the
current context, it will find the innermost context of type
:func:`object_type`.
This generates a decorator that works roughly like this::
from functools import update_wrapper
def decorator(f):
@pass_context
def new_func(ctx, *args, **kwargs):
obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
return decorator
:param object_type: the type of the object to pass.
:param ensure: if set to `True`, a new object will be created and
remembered on the context if it's not there yet.
"""
def decorator(f):
def new_func(*args, **kwargs):
ctx = get_current_context()
if ensure:
obj = ctx.ensure_object(object_type)
else:
obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
if obj is None:
raise RuntimeError(
"Managed to invoke callback without a context"
" object of type '{}' existing".format(object_type.__name__)
)
return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
return decorator
def _make_command(f, name, attrs, cls):
if isinstance(f, Command):
raise TypeError("Attempted to convert a callback into a command twice.")
try:
params = f.__click_params__
params.reverse()
del f.__click_params__
except AttributeError:
params = []
help = attrs.get("help")
if help is None:
help = inspect.getdoc(f)
if isinstance(help, bytes):
help = help.decode("utf-8")
else:
help = inspect.cleandoc(help)
attrs["help"] = help
_check_for_unicode_literals()
return cls(
name=name or f.__name__.lower().replace("_", "-"),
callback=f,
params=params,
**attrs
)
def command(name=None, cls=None, **attrs):
r"""Creates a new :class:`Command` and uses the decorated function as
callback. This will also automatically attach all decorated
:func:`option`\s and :func:`argument`\s as parameters to the command.
The name of the command defaults to the name of the function with
underscores replaced by dashes. If you want to change that, you can
pass the intended name as the first argument.
All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying command class.
Once decorated the function turns into a :class:`Command` instance
that can be invoked as a command line utility or be attached to a
command :class:`Group`.
:param name: the name of the command. This defaults to the function
name with underscores replaced by dashes.
:param cls: the command class to instantiate. This defaults to
:class:`Command`.
"""
if cls is None:
cls = Command
def decorator(f):
cmd = _make_command(f, name, attrs, cls)
cmd.__doc__ = f.__doc__
return cmd
return decorator
def group(name=None, **attrs):
"""Creates a new :class:`Group` with a function as callback. This
works otherwise the same as :func:`command` just that the `cls`
parameter is set to :class:`Group`.
"""
attrs.setdefault("cls", Group)
return command(name, **attrs)
def _param_memo(f, param):
if isinstance(f, Command):
f.params.append(param)
else:
if not hasattr(f, "__click_params__"):
f.__click_params__ = []
f.__click_params__.append(param)
def argument(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Attaches an argument to the command. All positional arguments are
passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Argument`; all keyword
arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Argument` instance manually
and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
:param cls: the argument class to instantiate. This defaults to
:class:`Argument`.
"""
def decorator(f):
ArgumentClass = attrs.pop("cls", Argument)
_param_memo(f, ArgumentClass(param_decls, **attrs))
return f
return decorator
def option(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Attaches an option to the command. All positional arguments are
passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Option`; all keyword
arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Option` instance manually
and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
:param cls: the option class to instantiate. This defaults to
:class:`Option`.
"""
def decorator(f):
# Issue 926, copy attrs, so pre-defined options can re-use the same cls=
option_attrs = attrs.copy()
if "help" in option_attrs:
option_attrs["help"] = inspect.cleandoc(option_attrs["help"])
OptionClass = option_attrs.pop("cls", Option)
_param_memo(f, OptionClass(param_decls, **option_attrs))
return f
return decorator
def confirmation_option(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Shortcut for confirmation prompts that can be ignored by passing
``--yes`` as parameter.
This is equivalent to decorating a function with :func:`option` with
the following parameters::
def callback(ctx, param, value):
if not value:
ctx.abort()
@click.command()
@click.option('--yes', is_flag=True, callback=callback,
expose_value=False, prompt='Do you want to continue?')
def dropdb():
pass
"""
def decorator(f):
def callback(ctx, param, value):
if not value:
ctx.abort()
attrs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
attrs.setdefault("callback", callback)
attrs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
attrs.setdefault("prompt", "Do you want to continue?")
attrs.setdefault("help", "Confirm the action without prompting.")
return option(*(param_decls or ("--yes",)), **attrs)(f)
return decorator
def password_option(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Shortcut for password prompts.
This is equivalent to decorating a function with :func:`option` with
the following parameters::
@click.command()
@click.option('--password', prompt=True, confirmation_prompt=True,
hide_input=True)
def changeadmin(password):
pass
"""
def decorator(f):
attrs.setdefault("prompt", True)
attrs.setdefault("confirmation_prompt", True)
attrs.setdefault("hide_input", True)
return option(*(param_decls or ("--password",)), **attrs)(f)
return decorator
def version_option(version=None, *param_decls, **attrs):
"""Adds a ``--version`` option which immediately ends the program
printing out the version number. This is implemented as an eager
option that prints the version and exits the program in the callback.
:param version: the version number to show. If not provided Click
attempts an auto discovery via setuptools.
:param prog_name: the name of the program (defaults to autodetection)
:param message: custom message to show instead of the default
(``'%(prog)s, version %(version)s'``)
:param others: everything else is forwarded to :func:`option`.
"""
if version is None:
if hasattr(sys, "_getframe"):
module = sys._getframe(1).f_globals.get("__name__")
else:
module = ""
def decorator(f):
prog_name = attrs.pop("prog_name", None)
message = attrs.pop("message", "%(prog)s, version %(version)s")
def callback(ctx, param, value):
if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
return
prog = prog_name
if prog is None:
prog = ctx.find_root().info_name
ver = version
if ver is None:
try:
import pkg_resources
except ImportError:
pass
else:
for dist in pkg_resources.working_set:
scripts = dist.get_entry_map().get("console_scripts") or {}
for _, entry_point in iteritems(scripts):
if entry_point.module_name == module:
ver = dist.version
break
if ver is None:
raise RuntimeError("Could not determine version")
echo(message % {"prog": prog, "version": ver}, color=ctx.color)
ctx.exit()
attrs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
attrs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
attrs.setdefault("is_eager", True)
attrs.setdefault("help", "Show the version and exit.")
attrs["callback"] = callback
return option(*(param_decls or ("--version",)), **attrs)(f)
return decorator
def help_option(*param_decls, **attrs):
"""Adds a ``--help`` option which immediately ends the program
printing out the help page. This is usually unnecessary to add as
this is added by default to all commands unless suppressed.
Like :func:`version_option`, this is implemented as eager option that
prints in the callback and exits.
All arguments are forwarded to :func:`option`.
"""
def decorator(f):
def callback(ctx, param, value):
if value and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
ctx.exit()
attrs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
attrs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
attrs.setdefault("help", "Show this message and exit.")
attrs.setdefault("is_eager", True)
attrs["callback"] = callback
return option(*(param_decls or ("--help",)), **attrs)(f)
return decorator

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from ._compat import filename_to_ui
from ._compat import get_text_stderr
from ._compat import PY2
from .utils import echo
def _join_param_hints(param_hint):
if isinstance(param_hint, (tuple, list)):
return " / ".join(repr(x) for x in param_hint)
return param_hint
class ClickException(Exception):
"""An exception that Click can handle and show to the user."""
#: The exit code for this exception
exit_code = 1
def __init__(self, message):
ctor_msg = message
if PY2:
if ctor_msg is not None:
ctor_msg = ctor_msg.encode("utf-8")
Exception.__init__(self, ctor_msg)
self.message = message
def format_message(self):
return self.message
def __str__(self):
return self.message
if PY2:
__unicode__ = __str__
def __str__(self):
return self.message.encode("utf-8")
def show(self, file=None):
if file is None:
file = get_text_stderr()
echo("Error: {}".format(self.format_message()), file=file)
class UsageError(ClickException):
"""An internal exception that signals a usage error. This typically
aborts any further handling.
:param message: the error message to display.
:param ctx: optionally the context that caused this error. Click will
fill in the context automatically in some situations.
"""
exit_code = 2
def __init__(self, message, ctx=None):
ClickException.__init__(self, message)
self.ctx = ctx
self.cmd = self.ctx.command if self.ctx else None
def show(self, file=None):
if file is None:
file = get_text_stderr()
color = None
hint = ""
if self.cmd is not None and self.cmd.get_help_option(self.ctx) is not None:
hint = "Try '{} {}' for help.\n".format(
self.ctx.command_path, self.ctx.help_option_names[0]
)
if self.ctx is not None:
color = self.ctx.color
echo("{}\n{}".format(self.ctx.get_usage(), hint), file=file, color=color)
echo("Error: {}".format(self.format_message()), file=file, color=color)
class BadParameter(UsageError):
"""An exception that formats out a standardized error message for a
bad parameter. This is useful when thrown from a callback or type as
Click will attach contextual information to it (for instance, which
parameter it is).
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param param: the parameter object that caused this error. This can
be left out, and Click will attach this info itself
if possible.
:param param_hint: a string that shows up as parameter name. This
can be used as alternative to `param` in cases
where custom validation should happen. If it is
a string it's used as such, if it's a list then
each item is quoted and separated.
"""
def __init__(self, message, ctx=None, param=None, param_hint=None):
UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx)
self.param = param
self.param_hint = param_hint
def format_message(self):
if self.param_hint is not None:
param_hint = self.param_hint
elif self.param is not None:
param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx)
else:
return "Invalid value: {}".format(self.message)
param_hint = _join_param_hints(param_hint)
return "Invalid value for {}: {}".format(param_hint, self.message)
class MissingParameter(BadParameter):
"""Raised if click required an option or argument but it was not
provided when invoking the script.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
:param param_type: a string that indicates the type of the parameter.
The default is to inherit the parameter type from
the given `param`. Valid values are ``'parameter'``,
``'option'`` or ``'argument'``.
"""
def __init__(
self, message=None, ctx=None, param=None, param_hint=None, param_type=None
):
BadParameter.__init__(self, message, ctx, param, param_hint)
self.param_type = param_type
def format_message(self):
if self.param_hint is not None:
param_hint = self.param_hint
elif self.param is not None:
param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx)
else:
param_hint = None
param_hint = _join_param_hints(param_hint)
param_type = self.param_type
if param_type is None and self.param is not None:
param_type = self.param.param_type_name
msg = self.message
if self.param is not None:
msg_extra = self.param.type.get_missing_message(self.param)
if msg_extra:
if msg:
msg += ". {}".format(msg_extra)
else:
msg = msg_extra
return "Missing {}{}{}{}".format(
param_type,
" {}".format(param_hint) if param_hint else "",
". " if msg else ".",
msg or "",
)
def __str__(self):
if self.message is None:
param_name = self.param.name if self.param else None
return "missing parameter: {}".format(param_name)
else:
return self.message
if PY2:
__unicode__ = __str__
def __str__(self):
return self.__unicode__().encode("utf-8")
class NoSuchOption(UsageError):
"""Raised if click attempted to handle an option that does not
exist.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
"""
def __init__(self, option_name, message=None, possibilities=None, ctx=None):
if message is None:
message = "no such option: {}".format(option_name)
UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx)
self.option_name = option_name
self.possibilities = possibilities
def format_message(self):
bits = [self.message]
if self.possibilities:
if len(self.possibilities) == 1:
bits.append("Did you mean {}?".format(self.possibilities[0]))
else:
possibilities = sorted(self.possibilities)
bits.append("(Possible options: {})".format(", ".join(possibilities)))
return " ".join(bits)
class BadOptionUsage(UsageError):
"""Raised if an option is generally supplied but the use of the option
was incorrect. This is for instance raised if the number of arguments
for an option is not correct.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
:param option_name: the name of the option being used incorrectly.
"""
def __init__(self, option_name, message, ctx=None):
UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx)
self.option_name = option_name
class BadArgumentUsage(UsageError):
"""Raised if an argument is generally supplied but the use of the argument
was incorrect. This is for instance raised if the number of values
for an argument is not correct.
.. versionadded:: 6.0
"""
def __init__(self, message, ctx=None):
UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx)
class FileError(ClickException):
"""Raised if a file cannot be opened."""
def __init__(self, filename, hint=None):
ui_filename = filename_to_ui(filename)
if hint is None:
hint = "unknown error"
ClickException.__init__(self, hint)
self.ui_filename = ui_filename
self.filename = filename
def format_message(self):
return "Could not open file {}: {}".format(self.ui_filename, self.message)
class Abort(RuntimeError):
"""An internal signalling exception that signals Click to abort."""
class Exit(RuntimeError):
"""An exception that indicates that the application should exit with some
status code.
:param code: the status code to exit with.
"""
__slots__ = ("exit_code",)
def __init__(self, code=0):
self.exit_code = code

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from contextlib import contextmanager
from ._compat import term_len
from .parser import split_opt
from .termui import get_terminal_size
# Can force a width. This is used by the test system
FORCED_WIDTH = None
def measure_table(rows):
widths = {}
for row in rows:
for idx, col in enumerate(row):
widths[idx] = max(widths.get(idx, 0), term_len(col))
return tuple(y for x, y in sorted(widths.items()))
def iter_rows(rows, col_count):
for row in rows:
row = tuple(row)
yield row + ("",) * (col_count - len(row))
def wrap_text(
text, width=78, initial_indent="", subsequent_indent="", preserve_paragraphs=False
):
"""A helper function that intelligently wraps text. By default, it
assumes that it operates on a single paragraph of text but if the
`preserve_paragraphs` parameter is provided it will intelligently
handle paragraphs (defined by two empty lines).
If paragraphs are handled, a paragraph can be prefixed with an empty
line containing the ``\\b`` character (``\\x08``) to indicate that
no rewrapping should happen in that block.
:param text: the text that should be rewrapped.
:param width: the maximum width for the text.
:param initial_indent: the initial indent that should be placed on the
first line as a string.
:param subsequent_indent: the indent string that should be placed on
each consecutive line.
:param preserve_paragraphs: if this flag is set then the wrapping will
intelligently handle paragraphs.
"""
from ._textwrap import TextWrapper
text = text.expandtabs()
wrapper = TextWrapper(
width,
initial_indent=initial_indent,
subsequent_indent=subsequent_indent,
replace_whitespace=False,
)
if not preserve_paragraphs:
return wrapper.fill(text)
p = []
buf = []
indent = None
def _flush_par():
if not buf:
return
if buf[0].strip() == "\b":
p.append((indent or 0, True, "\n".join(buf[1:])))
else:
p.append((indent or 0, False, " ".join(buf)))
del buf[:]
for line in text.splitlines():
if not line:
_flush_par()
indent = None
else:
if indent is None:
orig_len = term_len(line)
line = line.lstrip()
indent = orig_len - term_len(line)
buf.append(line)
_flush_par()
rv = []
for indent, raw, text in p:
with wrapper.extra_indent(" " * indent):
if raw:
rv.append(wrapper.indent_only(text))
else:
rv.append(wrapper.fill(text))
return "\n\n".join(rv)
class HelpFormatter(object):
"""This class helps with formatting text-based help pages. It's
usually just needed for very special internal cases, but it's also
exposed so that developers can write their own fancy outputs.
At present, it always writes into memory.
:param indent_increment: the additional increment for each level.
:param width: the width for the text. This defaults to the terminal
width clamped to a maximum of 78.
"""
def __init__(self, indent_increment=2, width=None, max_width=None):
self.indent_increment = indent_increment
if max_width is None:
max_width = 80
if width is None:
width = FORCED_WIDTH
if width is None:
width = max(min(get_terminal_size()[0], max_width) - 2, 50)
self.width = width
self.current_indent = 0
self.buffer = []
def write(self, string):
"""Writes a unicode string into the internal buffer."""
self.buffer.append(string)
def indent(self):
"""Increases the indentation."""
self.current_indent += self.indent_increment
def dedent(self):
"""Decreases the indentation."""
self.current_indent -= self.indent_increment
def write_usage(self, prog, args="", prefix="Usage: "):
"""Writes a usage line into the buffer.
:param prog: the program name.
:param args: whitespace separated list of arguments.
:param prefix: the prefix for the first line.
"""
usage_prefix = "{:>{w}}{} ".format(prefix, prog, w=self.current_indent)
text_width = self.width - self.current_indent
if text_width >= (term_len(usage_prefix) + 20):
# The arguments will fit to the right of the prefix.
indent = " " * term_len(usage_prefix)
self.write(
wrap_text(
args,
text_width,
initial_indent=usage_prefix,
subsequent_indent=indent,
)
)
else:
# The prefix is too long, put the arguments on the next line.
self.write(usage_prefix)
self.write("\n")
indent = " " * (max(self.current_indent, term_len(prefix)) + 4)
self.write(
wrap_text(
args, text_width, initial_indent=indent, subsequent_indent=indent
)
)
self.write("\n")
def write_heading(self, heading):
"""Writes a heading into the buffer."""
self.write("{:>{w}}{}:\n".format("", heading, w=self.current_indent))
def write_paragraph(self):
"""Writes a paragraph into the buffer."""
if self.buffer:
self.write("\n")
def write_text(self, text):
"""Writes re-indented text into the buffer. This rewraps and
preserves paragraphs.
"""
text_width = max(self.width - self.current_indent, 11)
indent = " " * self.current_indent
self.write(
wrap_text(
text,
text_width,
initial_indent=indent,
subsequent_indent=indent,
preserve_paragraphs=True,
)
)
self.write("\n")
def write_dl(self, rows, col_max=30, col_spacing=2):
"""Writes a definition list into the buffer. This is how options
and commands are usually formatted.
:param rows: a list of two item tuples for the terms and values.
:param col_max: the maximum width of the first column.
:param col_spacing: the number of spaces between the first and
second column.
"""
rows = list(rows)
widths = measure_table(rows)
if len(widths) != 2:
raise TypeError("Expected two columns for definition list")
first_col = min(widths[0], col_max) + col_spacing
for first, second in iter_rows(rows, len(widths)):
self.write("{:>{w}}{}".format("", first, w=self.current_indent))
if not second:
self.write("\n")
continue
if term_len(first) <= first_col - col_spacing:
self.write(" " * (first_col - term_len(first)))
else:
self.write("\n")
self.write(" " * (first_col + self.current_indent))
text_width = max(self.width - first_col - 2, 10)
wrapped_text = wrap_text(second, text_width, preserve_paragraphs=True)
lines = wrapped_text.splitlines()
if lines:
self.write("{}\n".format(lines[0]))
for line in lines[1:]:
self.write(
"{:>{w}}{}\n".format(
"", line, w=first_col + self.current_indent
)
)
if len(lines) > 1:
# separate long help from next option
self.write("\n")
else:
self.write("\n")
@contextmanager
def section(self, name):
"""Helpful context manager that writes a paragraph, a heading,
and the indents.
:param name: the section name that is written as heading.
"""
self.write_paragraph()
self.write_heading(name)
self.indent()
try:
yield
finally:
self.dedent()
@contextmanager
def indentation(self):
"""A context manager that increases the indentation."""
self.indent()
try:
yield
finally:
self.dedent()
def getvalue(self):
"""Returns the buffer contents."""
return "".join(self.buffer)
def join_options(options):
"""Given a list of option strings this joins them in the most appropriate
way and returns them in the form ``(formatted_string,
any_prefix_is_slash)`` where the second item in the tuple is a flag that
indicates if any of the option prefixes was a slash.
"""
rv = []
any_prefix_is_slash = False
for opt in options:
prefix = split_opt(opt)[0]
if prefix == "/":
any_prefix_is_slash = True
rv.append((len(prefix), opt))
rv.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
rv = ", ".join(x[1] for x in rv)
return rv, any_prefix_is_slash

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from threading import local
_local = local()
def get_current_context(silent=False):
"""Returns the current click context. This can be used as a way to
access the current context object from anywhere. This is a more implicit
alternative to the :func:`pass_context` decorator. This function is
primarily useful for helpers such as :func:`echo` which might be
interested in changing its behavior based on the current context.
To push the current context, :meth:`Context.scope` can be used.
.. versionadded:: 5.0
:param silent: if set to `True` the return value is `None` if no context
is available. The default behavior is to raise a
:exc:`RuntimeError`.
"""
try:
return _local.stack[-1]
except (AttributeError, IndexError):
if not silent:
raise RuntimeError("There is no active click context.")
def push_context(ctx):
"""Pushes a new context to the current stack."""
_local.__dict__.setdefault("stack", []).append(ctx)
def pop_context():
"""Removes the top level from the stack."""
_local.stack.pop()
def resolve_color_default(color=None):
""""Internal helper to get the default value of the color flag. If a
value is passed it's returned unchanged, otherwise it's looked up from
the current context.
"""
if color is not None:
return color
ctx = get_current_context(silent=True)
if ctx is not None:
return ctx.color

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
This module started out as largely a copy paste from the stdlib's
optparse module with the features removed that we do not need from
optparse because we implement them in Click on a higher level (for
instance type handling, help formatting and a lot more).
The plan is to remove more and more from here over time.
The reason this is a different module and not optparse from the stdlib
is that there are differences in 2.x and 3.x about the error messages
generated and optparse in the stdlib uses gettext for no good reason
and might cause us issues.
Click uses parts of optparse written by Gregory P. Ward and maintained
by the Python Software Foundation. This is limited to code in parser.py.
Copyright 2001-2006 Gregory P. Ward. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
"""
import re
from collections import deque
from .exceptions import BadArgumentUsage
from .exceptions import BadOptionUsage
from .exceptions import NoSuchOption
from .exceptions import UsageError
def _unpack_args(args, nargs_spec):
"""Given an iterable of arguments and an iterable of nargs specifications,
it returns a tuple with all the unpacked arguments at the first index
and all remaining arguments as the second.
The nargs specification is the number of arguments that should be consumed
or `-1` to indicate that this position should eat up all the remainders.
Missing items are filled with `None`.
"""
args = deque(args)
nargs_spec = deque(nargs_spec)
rv = []
spos = None
def _fetch(c):
try:
if spos is None:
return c.popleft()
else:
return c.pop()
except IndexError:
return None
while nargs_spec:
nargs = _fetch(nargs_spec)
if nargs == 1:
rv.append(_fetch(args))
elif nargs > 1:
x = [_fetch(args) for _ in range(nargs)]
# If we're reversed, we're pulling in the arguments in reverse,
# so we need to turn them around.
if spos is not None:
x.reverse()
rv.append(tuple(x))
elif nargs < 0:
if spos is not None:
raise TypeError("Cannot have two nargs < 0")
spos = len(rv)
rv.append(None)
# spos is the position of the wildcard (star). If it's not `None`,
# we fill it with the remainder.
if spos is not None:
rv[spos] = tuple(args)
args = []
rv[spos + 1 :] = reversed(rv[spos + 1 :])
return tuple(rv), list(args)
def _error_opt_args(nargs, opt):
if nargs == 1:
raise BadOptionUsage(opt, "{} option requires an argument".format(opt))
raise BadOptionUsage(opt, "{} option requires {} arguments".format(opt, nargs))
def split_opt(opt):
first = opt[:1]
if first.isalnum():
return "", opt
if opt[1:2] == first:
return opt[:2], opt[2:]
return first, opt[1:]
def normalize_opt(opt, ctx):
if ctx is None or ctx.token_normalize_func is None:
return opt
prefix, opt = split_opt(opt)
return prefix + ctx.token_normalize_func(opt)
def split_arg_string(string):
"""Given an argument string this attempts to split it into small parts."""
rv = []
for match in re.finditer(
r"('([^'\\]*(?:\\.[^'\\]*)*)'|\"([^\"\\]*(?:\\.[^\"\\]*)*)\"|\S+)\s*",
string,
re.S,
):
arg = match.group().strip()
if arg[:1] == arg[-1:] and arg[:1] in "\"'":
arg = arg[1:-1].encode("ascii", "backslashreplace").decode("unicode-escape")
try:
arg = type(string)(arg)
except UnicodeError:
pass
rv.append(arg)
return rv
class Option(object):
def __init__(self, opts, dest, action=None, nargs=1, const=None, obj=None):
self._short_opts = []
self._long_opts = []
self.prefixes = set()
for opt in opts:
prefix, value = split_opt(opt)
if not prefix:
raise ValueError("Invalid start character for option ({})".format(opt))
self.prefixes.add(prefix[0])
if len(prefix) == 1 and len(value) == 1:
self._short_opts.append(opt)
else:
self._long_opts.append(opt)
self.prefixes.add(prefix)
if action is None:
action = "store"
self.dest = dest
self.action = action
self.nargs = nargs
self.const = const
self.obj = obj
@property
def takes_value(self):
return self.action in ("store", "append")
def process(self, value, state):
if self.action == "store":
state.opts[self.dest] = value
elif self.action == "store_const":
state.opts[self.dest] = self.const
elif self.action == "append":
state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(value)
elif self.action == "append_const":
state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(self.const)
elif self.action == "count":
state.opts[self.dest] = state.opts.get(self.dest, 0) + 1
else:
raise ValueError("unknown action '{}'".format(self.action))
state.order.append(self.obj)
class Argument(object):
def __init__(self, dest, nargs=1, obj=None):
self.dest = dest
self.nargs = nargs
self.obj = obj
def process(self, value, state):
if self.nargs > 1:
holes = sum(1 for x in value if x is None)
if holes == len(value):
value = None
elif holes != 0:
raise BadArgumentUsage(
"argument {} takes {} values".format(self.dest, self.nargs)
)
state.opts[self.dest] = value
state.order.append(self.obj)
class ParsingState(object):
def __init__(self, rargs):
self.opts = {}
self.largs = []
self.rargs = rargs
self.order = []
class OptionParser(object):
"""The option parser is an internal class that is ultimately used to
parse options and arguments. It's modelled after optparse and brings
a similar but vastly simplified API. It should generally not be used
directly as the high level Click classes wrap it for you.
It's not nearly as extensible as optparse or argparse as it does not
implement features that are implemented on a higher level (such as
types or defaults).
:param ctx: optionally the :class:`~click.Context` where this parser
should go with.
"""
def __init__(self, ctx=None):
#: The :class:`~click.Context` for this parser. This might be
#: `None` for some advanced use cases.
self.ctx = ctx
#: This controls how the parser deals with interspersed arguments.
#: If this is set to `False`, the parser will stop on the first
#: non-option. Click uses this to implement nested subcommands
#: safely.
self.allow_interspersed_args = True
#: This tells the parser how to deal with unknown options. By
#: default it will error out (which is sensible), but there is a
#: second mode where it will ignore it and continue processing
#: after shifting all the unknown options into the resulting args.
self.ignore_unknown_options = False
if ctx is not None:
self.allow_interspersed_args = ctx.allow_interspersed_args
self.ignore_unknown_options = ctx.ignore_unknown_options
self._short_opt = {}
self._long_opt = {}
self._opt_prefixes = {"-", "--"}
self._args = []
def add_option(self, opts, dest, action=None, nargs=1, const=None, obj=None):
"""Adds a new option named `dest` to the parser. The destination
is not inferred (unlike with optparse) and needs to be explicitly
provided. Action can be any of ``store``, ``store_const``,
``append``, ``appnd_const`` or ``count``.
The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
that is returned from the parser.
"""
if obj is None:
obj = dest
opts = [normalize_opt(opt, self.ctx) for opt in opts]
option = Option(opts, dest, action=action, nargs=nargs, const=const, obj=obj)
self._opt_prefixes.update(option.prefixes)
for opt in option._short_opts:
self._short_opt[opt] = option
for opt in option._long_opts:
self._long_opt[opt] = option
def add_argument(self, dest, nargs=1, obj=None):
"""Adds a positional argument named `dest` to the parser.
The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
that is returned from the parser.
"""
if obj is None:
obj = dest
self._args.append(Argument(dest=dest, nargs=nargs, obj=obj))
def parse_args(self, args):
"""Parses positional arguments and returns ``(values, args, order)``
for the parsed options and arguments as well as the leftover
arguments if there are any. The order is a list of objects as they
appear on the command line. If arguments appear multiple times they
will be memorized multiple times as well.
"""
state = ParsingState(args)
try:
self._process_args_for_options(state)
self._process_args_for_args(state)
except UsageError:
if self.ctx is None or not self.ctx.resilient_parsing:
raise
return state.opts, state.largs, state.order
def _process_args_for_args(self, state):
pargs, args = _unpack_args(
state.largs + state.rargs, [x.nargs for x in self._args]
)
for idx, arg in enumerate(self._args):
arg.process(pargs[idx], state)
state.largs = args
state.rargs = []
def _process_args_for_options(self, state):
while state.rargs:
arg = state.rargs.pop(0)
arglen = len(arg)
# Double dashes always handled explicitly regardless of what
# prefixes are valid.
if arg == "--":
return
elif arg[:1] in self._opt_prefixes and arglen > 1:
self._process_opts(arg, state)
elif self.allow_interspersed_args:
state.largs.append(arg)
else:
state.rargs.insert(0, arg)
return
# Say this is the original argument list:
# [arg0, arg1, ..., arg(i-1), arg(i), arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
# ^
# (we are about to process arg(i)).
#
# Then rargs is [arg(i), ..., arg(N-1)] and largs is a *subset* of
# [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)] (any options and their arguments will have
# been removed from largs).
#
# The while loop will usually consume 1 or more arguments per pass.
# If it consumes 1 (eg. arg is an option that takes no arguments),
# then after _process_arg() is done the situation is:
#
# largs = subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i)]
# rargs = [arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
#
# If allow_interspersed_args is false, largs will always be
# *empty* -- still a subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)], but
# not a very interesting subset!
def _match_long_opt(self, opt, explicit_value, state):
if opt not in self._long_opt:
possibilities = [word for word in self._long_opt if word.startswith(opt)]
raise NoSuchOption(opt, possibilities=possibilities, ctx=self.ctx)
option = self._long_opt[opt]
if option.takes_value:
# At this point it's safe to modify rargs by injecting the
# explicit value, because no exception is raised in this
# branch. This means that the inserted value will be fully
# consumed.
if explicit_value is not None:
state.rargs.insert(0, explicit_value)
nargs = option.nargs
if len(state.rargs) < nargs:
_error_opt_args(nargs, opt)
elif nargs == 1:
value = state.rargs.pop(0)
else:
value = tuple(state.rargs[:nargs])
del state.rargs[:nargs]
elif explicit_value is not None:
raise BadOptionUsage(opt, "{} option does not take a value".format(opt))
else:
value = None
option.process(value, state)
def _match_short_opt(self, arg, state):
stop = False
i = 1
prefix = arg[0]
unknown_options = []
for ch in arg[1:]:
opt = normalize_opt(prefix + ch, self.ctx)
option = self._short_opt.get(opt)
i += 1
if not option:
if self.ignore_unknown_options:
unknown_options.append(ch)
continue
raise NoSuchOption(opt, ctx=self.ctx)
if option.takes_value:
# Any characters left in arg? Pretend they're the
# next arg, and stop consuming characters of arg.
if i < len(arg):
state.rargs.insert(0, arg[i:])
stop = True
nargs = option.nargs
if len(state.rargs) < nargs:
_error_opt_args(nargs, opt)
elif nargs == 1:
value = state.rargs.pop(0)
else:
value = tuple(state.rargs[:nargs])
del state.rargs[:nargs]
else:
value = None
option.process(value, state)
if stop:
break
# If we got any unknown options we re-combinate the string of the
# remaining options and re-attach the prefix, then report that
# to the state as new larg. This way there is basic combinatorics
# that can be achieved while still ignoring unknown arguments.
if self.ignore_unknown_options and unknown_options:
state.largs.append("{}{}".format(prefix, "".join(unknown_options)))
def _process_opts(self, arg, state):
explicit_value = None
# Long option handling happens in two parts. The first part is
# supporting explicitly attached values. In any case, we will try
# to long match the option first.
if "=" in arg:
long_opt, explicit_value = arg.split("=", 1)
else:
long_opt = arg
norm_long_opt = normalize_opt(long_opt, self.ctx)
# At this point we will match the (assumed) long option through
# the long option matching code. Note that this allows options
# like "-foo" to be matched as long options.
try:
self._match_long_opt(norm_long_opt, explicit_value, state)
except NoSuchOption:
# At this point the long option matching failed, and we need
# to try with short options. However there is a special rule
# which says, that if we have a two character options prefix
# (applies to "--foo" for instance), we do not dispatch to the
# short option code and will instead raise the no option
# error.
if arg[:2] not in self._opt_prefixes:
return self._match_short_opt(arg, state)
if not self.ignore_unknown_options:
raise
state.largs.append(arg)

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@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
import inspect
import io
import itertools
import os
import struct
import sys
from ._compat import DEFAULT_COLUMNS
from ._compat import get_winterm_size
from ._compat import isatty
from ._compat import raw_input
from ._compat import string_types
from ._compat import strip_ansi
from ._compat import text_type
from ._compat import WIN
from .exceptions import Abort
from .exceptions import UsageError
from .globals import resolve_color_default
from .types import Choice
from .types import convert_type
from .types import Path
from .utils import echo
from .utils import LazyFile
# The prompt functions to use. The doc tools currently override these
# functions to customize how they work.
visible_prompt_func = raw_input
_ansi_colors = {
"black": 30,
"red": 31,
"green": 32,
"yellow": 33,
"blue": 34,
"magenta": 35,
"cyan": 36,
"white": 37,
"reset": 39,
"bright_black": 90,
"bright_red": 91,
"bright_green": 92,
"bright_yellow": 93,
"bright_blue": 94,
"bright_magenta": 95,
"bright_cyan": 96,
"bright_white": 97,
}
_ansi_reset_all = "\033[0m"
def hidden_prompt_func(prompt):
import getpass
return getpass.getpass(prompt)
def _build_prompt(
text, suffix, show_default=False, default=None, show_choices=True, type=None
):
prompt = text
if type is not None and show_choices and isinstance(type, Choice):
prompt += " ({})".format(", ".join(map(str, type.choices)))
if default is not None and show_default:
prompt = "{} [{}]".format(prompt, _format_default(default))
return prompt + suffix
def _format_default(default):
if isinstance(default, (io.IOBase, LazyFile)) and hasattr(default, "name"):
return default.name
return default
def prompt(
text,
default=None,
hide_input=False,
confirmation_prompt=False,
type=None,
value_proc=None,
prompt_suffix=": ",
show_default=True,
err=False,
show_choices=True,
):
"""Prompts a user for input. This is a convenience function that can
be used to prompt a user for input later.
If the user aborts the input by sending a interrupt signal, this
function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
.. versionadded:: 7.0
Added the show_choices parameter.
.. versionadded:: 6.0
Added unicode support for cmd.exe on Windows.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
Added the `err` parameter.
:param text: the text to show for the prompt.
:param default: the default value to use if no input happens. If this
is not given it will prompt until it's aborted.
:param hide_input: if this is set to true then the input value will
be hidden.
:param confirmation_prompt: asks for confirmation for the value.
:param type: the type to use to check the value against.
:param value_proc: if this parameter is provided it's a function that
is invoked instead of the type conversion to
convert a value.
:param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
:param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
:param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
``stdout``, the same as with echo.
:param show_choices: Show or hide choices if the passed type is a Choice.
For example if type is a Choice of either day or week,
show_choices is true and text is "Group by" then the
prompt will be "Group by (day, week): ".
"""
result = None
def prompt_func(text):
f = hidden_prompt_func if hide_input else visible_prompt_func
try:
# Write the prompt separately so that we get nice
# coloring through colorama on Windows
echo(text, nl=False, err=err)
return f("")
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
# getpass doesn't print a newline if the user aborts input with ^C.
# Allegedly this behavior is inherited from getpass(3).
# A doc bug has been filed at https://bugs.python.org/issue24711
if hide_input:
echo(None, err=err)
raise Abort()
if value_proc is None:
value_proc = convert_type(type, default)
prompt = _build_prompt(
text, prompt_suffix, show_default, default, show_choices, type
)
while 1:
while 1:
value = prompt_func(prompt)
if value:
break
elif default is not None:
if isinstance(value_proc, Path):
# validate Path default value(exists, dir_okay etc.)
value = default
break
return default
try:
result = value_proc(value)
except UsageError as e:
echo("Error: {}".format(e.message), err=err) # noqa: B306
continue
if not confirmation_prompt:
return result
while 1:
value2 = prompt_func("Repeat for confirmation: ")
if value2:
break
if value == value2:
return result
echo("Error: the two entered values do not match", err=err)
def confirm(
text, default=False, abort=False, prompt_suffix=": ", show_default=True, err=False
):
"""Prompts for confirmation (yes/no question).
If the user aborts the input by sending a interrupt signal this
function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
Added the `err` parameter.
:param text: the question to ask.
:param default: the default for the prompt.
:param abort: if this is set to `True` a negative answer aborts the
exception by raising :exc:`Abort`.
:param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
:param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
:param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
``stdout``, the same as with echo.
"""
prompt = _build_prompt(
text, prompt_suffix, show_default, "Y/n" if default else "y/N"
)
while 1:
try:
# Write the prompt separately so that we get nice
# coloring through colorama on Windows
echo(prompt, nl=False, err=err)
value = visible_prompt_func("").lower().strip()
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
raise Abort()
if value in ("y", "yes"):
rv = True
elif value in ("n", "no"):
rv = False
elif value == "":
rv = default
else:
echo("Error: invalid input", err=err)
continue
break
if abort and not rv:
raise Abort()
return rv
def get_terminal_size():
"""Returns the current size of the terminal as tuple in the form
``(width, height)`` in columns and rows.
"""
# If shutil has get_terminal_size() (Python 3.3 and later) use that
if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
import shutil
shutil_get_terminal_size = getattr(shutil, "get_terminal_size", None)
if shutil_get_terminal_size:
sz = shutil_get_terminal_size()
return sz.columns, sz.lines
# We provide a sensible default for get_winterm_size() when being invoked
# inside a subprocess. Without this, it would not provide a useful input.
if get_winterm_size is not None:
size = get_winterm_size()
if size == (0, 0):
return (79, 24)
else:
return size
def ioctl_gwinsz(fd):
try:
import fcntl
import termios
cr = struct.unpack("hh", fcntl.ioctl(fd, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, "1234"))
except Exception:
return
return cr
cr = ioctl_gwinsz(0) or ioctl_gwinsz(1) or ioctl_gwinsz(2)
if not cr:
try:
fd = os.open(os.ctermid(), os.O_RDONLY)
try:
cr = ioctl_gwinsz(fd)
finally:
os.close(fd)
except Exception:
pass
if not cr or not cr[0] or not cr[1]:
cr = (os.environ.get("LINES", 25), os.environ.get("COLUMNS", DEFAULT_COLUMNS))
return int(cr[1]), int(cr[0])
def echo_via_pager(text_or_generator, color=None):
"""This function takes a text and shows it via an environment specific
pager on stdout.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
Added the `color` flag.
:param text_or_generator: the text to page, or alternatively, a
generator emitting the text to page.
:param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not. The
default is autodetection.
"""
color = resolve_color_default(color)
if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(text_or_generator):
i = text_or_generator()
elif isinstance(text_or_generator, string_types):
i = [text_or_generator]
else:
i = iter(text_or_generator)
# convert every element of i to a text type if necessary
text_generator = (el if isinstance(el, string_types) else text_type(el) for el in i)
from ._termui_impl import pager
return pager(itertools.chain(text_generator, "\n"), color)
def progressbar(
iterable=None,
length=None,
label=None,
show_eta=True,
show_percent=None,
show_pos=False,
item_show_func=None,
fill_char="#",
empty_char="-",
bar_template="%(label)s [%(bar)s] %(info)s",
info_sep=" ",
width=36,
file=None,
color=None,
):
"""This function creates an iterable context manager that can be used
to iterate over something while showing a progress bar. It will
either iterate over the `iterable` or `length` items (that are counted
up). While iteration happens, this function will print a rendered
progress bar to the given `file` (defaults to stdout) and will attempt
to calculate remaining time and more. By default, this progress bar
will not be rendered if the file is not a terminal.
The context manager creates the progress bar. When the context
manager is entered the progress bar is already created. With every
iteration over the progress bar, the iterable passed to the bar is
advanced and the bar is updated. When the context manager exits,
a newline is printed and the progress bar is finalized on screen.
Note: The progress bar is currently designed for use cases where the
total progress can be expected to take at least several seconds.
Because of this, the ProgressBar class object won't display
progress that is considered too fast, and progress where the time
between steps is less than a second.
No printing must happen or the progress bar will be unintentionally
destroyed.
Example usage::
with progressbar(items) as bar:
for item in bar:
do_something_with(item)
Alternatively, if no iterable is specified, one can manually update the
progress bar through the `update()` method instead of directly
iterating over the progress bar. The update method accepts the number
of steps to increment the bar with::
with progressbar(length=chunks.total_bytes) as bar:
for chunk in chunks:
process_chunk(chunk)
bar.update(chunks.bytes)
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. versionadded:: 4.0
Added the `color` parameter. Added a `update` method to the
progressbar object.
:param iterable: an iterable to iterate over. If not provided the length
is required.
:param length: the number of items to iterate over. By default the
progressbar will attempt to ask the iterator about its
length, which might or might not work. If an iterable is
also provided this parameter can be used to override the
length. If an iterable is not provided the progress bar
will iterate over a range of that length.
:param label: the label to show next to the progress bar.
:param show_eta: enables or disables the estimated time display. This is
automatically disabled if the length cannot be
determined.
:param show_percent: enables or disables the percentage display. The
default is `True` if the iterable has a length or
`False` if not.
:param show_pos: enables or disables the absolute position display. The
default is `False`.
:param item_show_func: a function called with the current item which
can return a string to show the current item
next to the progress bar. Note that the current
item can be `None`!
:param fill_char: the character to use to show the filled part of the
progress bar.
:param empty_char: the character to use to show the non-filled part of
the progress bar.
:param bar_template: the format string to use as template for the bar.
The parameters in it are ``label`` for the label,
``bar`` for the progress bar and ``info`` for the
info section.
:param info_sep: the separator between multiple info items (eta etc.)
:param width: the width of the progress bar in characters, 0 means full
terminal width
:param file: the file to write to. If this is not a terminal then
only the label is printed.
:param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not. The
default is autodetection. This is only needed if ANSI
codes are included anywhere in the progress bar output
which is not the case by default.
"""
from ._termui_impl import ProgressBar
color = resolve_color_default(color)
return ProgressBar(
iterable=iterable,
length=length,
show_eta=show_eta,
show_percent=show_percent,
show_pos=show_pos,
item_show_func=item_show_func,
fill_char=fill_char,
empty_char=empty_char,
bar_template=bar_template,
info_sep=info_sep,
file=file,
label=label,
width=width,
color=color,
)
def clear():
"""Clears the terminal screen. This will have the effect of clearing
the whole visible space of the terminal and moving the cursor to the
top left. This does not do anything if not connected to a terminal.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
"""
if not isatty(sys.stdout):
return
# If we're on Windows and we don't have colorama available, then we
# clear the screen by shelling out. Otherwise we can use an escape
# sequence.
if WIN:
os.system("cls")
else:
sys.stdout.write("\033[2J\033[1;1H")
def style(
text,
fg=None,
bg=None,
bold=None,
dim=None,
underline=None,
blink=None,
reverse=None,
reset=True,
):
"""Styles a text with ANSI styles and returns the new string. By
default the styling is self contained which means that at the end
of the string a reset code is issued. This can be prevented by
passing ``reset=False``.
Examples::
click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
click.echo(click.style('ATTENTION!', blink=True))
click.echo(click.style('Some things', reverse=True, fg='cyan'))
Supported color names:
* ``black`` (might be a gray)
* ``red``
* ``green``
* ``yellow`` (might be an orange)
* ``blue``
* ``magenta``
* ``cyan``
* ``white`` (might be light gray)
* ``bright_black``
* ``bright_red``
* ``bright_green``
* ``bright_yellow``
* ``bright_blue``
* ``bright_magenta``
* ``bright_cyan``
* ``bright_white``
* ``reset`` (reset the color code only)
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. versionadded:: 7.0
Added support for bright colors.
:param text: the string to style with ansi codes.
:param fg: if provided this will become the foreground color.
:param bg: if provided this will become the background color.
:param bold: if provided this will enable or disable bold mode.
:param dim: if provided this will enable or disable dim mode. This is
badly supported.
:param underline: if provided this will enable or disable underline.
:param blink: if provided this will enable or disable blinking.
:param reverse: if provided this will enable or disable inverse
rendering (foreground becomes background and the
other way round).
:param reset: by default a reset-all code is added at the end of the
string which means that styles do not carry over. This
can be disabled to compose styles.
"""
bits = []
if fg:
try:
bits.append("\033[{}m".format(_ansi_colors[fg]))
except KeyError:
raise TypeError("Unknown color '{}'".format(fg))
if bg:
try:
bits.append("\033[{}m".format(_ansi_colors[bg] + 10))
except KeyError:
raise TypeError("Unknown color '{}'".format(bg))
if bold is not None:
bits.append("\033[{}m".format(1 if bold else 22))
if dim is not None:
bits.append("\033[{}m".format(2 if dim else 22))
if underline is not None:
bits.append("\033[{}m".format(4 if underline else 24))
if blink is not None:
bits.append("\033[{}m".format(5 if blink else 25))
if reverse is not None:
bits.append("\033[{}m".format(7 if reverse else 27))
bits.append(text)
if reset:
bits.append(_ansi_reset_all)
return "".join(bits)
def unstyle(text):
"""Removes ANSI styling information from a string. Usually it's not
necessary to use this function as Click's echo function will
automatically remove styling if necessary.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param text: the text to remove style information from.
"""
return strip_ansi(text)
def secho(message=None, file=None, nl=True, err=False, color=None, **styles):
"""This function combines :func:`echo` and :func:`style` into one
call. As such the following two calls are the same::
click.secho('Hello World!', fg='green')
click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying functions
depending on which one they go with.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
"""
if message is not None:
message = style(message, **styles)
return echo(message, file=file, nl=nl, err=err, color=color)
def edit(
text=None, editor=None, env=None, require_save=True, extension=".txt", filename=None
):
r"""Edits the given text in the defined editor. If an editor is given
(should be the full path to the executable but the regular operating
system search path is used for finding the executable) it overrides
the detected editor. Optionally, some environment variables can be
used. If the editor is closed without changes, `None` is returned. In
case a file is edited directly the return value is always `None` and
`require_save` and `extension` are ignored.
If the editor cannot be opened a :exc:`UsageError` is raised.
Note for Windows: to simplify cross-platform usage, the newlines are
automatically converted from POSIX to Windows and vice versa. As such,
the message here will have ``\n`` as newline markers.
:param text: the text to edit.
:param editor: optionally the editor to use. Defaults to automatic
detection.
:param env: environment variables to forward to the editor.
:param require_save: if this is true, then not saving in the editor
will make the return value become `None`.
:param extension: the extension to tell the editor about. This defaults
to `.txt` but changing this might change syntax
highlighting.
:param filename: if provided it will edit this file instead of the
provided text contents. It will not use a temporary
file as an indirection in that case.
"""
from ._termui_impl import Editor
editor = Editor(
editor=editor, env=env, require_save=require_save, extension=extension
)
if filename is None:
return editor.edit(text)
editor.edit_file(filename)
def launch(url, wait=False, locate=False):
"""This function launches the given URL (or filename) in the default
viewer application for this file type. If this is an executable, it
might launch the executable in a new session. The return value is
the exit code of the launched application. Usually, ``0`` indicates
success.
Examples::
click.launch('https://click.palletsprojects.com/')
click.launch('/my/downloaded/file', locate=True)
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param url: URL or filename of the thing to launch.
:param wait: waits for the program to stop.
:param locate: if this is set to `True` then instead of launching the
application associated with the URL it will attempt to
launch a file manager with the file located. This
might have weird effects if the URL does not point to
the filesystem.
"""
from ._termui_impl import open_url
return open_url(url, wait=wait, locate=locate)
# If this is provided, getchar() calls into this instead. This is used
# for unittesting purposes.
_getchar = None
def getchar(echo=False):
"""Fetches a single character from the terminal and returns it. This
will always return a unicode character and under certain rare
circumstances this might return more than one character. The
situations which more than one character is returned is when for
whatever reason multiple characters end up in the terminal buffer or
standard input was not actually a terminal.
Note that this will always read from the terminal, even if something
is piped into the standard input.
Note for Windows: in rare cases when typing non-ASCII characters, this
function might wait for a second character and then return both at once.
This is because certain Unicode characters look like special-key markers.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param echo: if set to `True`, the character read will also show up on
the terminal. The default is to not show it.
"""
f = _getchar
if f is None:
from ._termui_impl import getchar as f
return f(echo)
def raw_terminal():
from ._termui_impl import raw_terminal as f
return f()
def pause(info="Press any key to continue ...", err=False):
"""This command stops execution and waits for the user to press any
key to continue. This is similar to the Windows batch "pause"
command. If the program is not run through a terminal, this command
will instead do nothing.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. versionadded:: 4.0
Added the `err` parameter.
:param info: the info string to print before pausing.
:param err: if set to message goes to ``stderr`` instead of
``stdout``, the same as with echo.
"""
if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(sys.stdout):
return
try:
if info:
echo(info, nl=False, err=err)
try:
getchar()
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
pass
finally:
if info:
echo(err=err)

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@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
import contextlib
import os
import shlex
import shutil
import sys
import tempfile
from . import formatting
from . import termui
from . import utils
from ._compat import iteritems
from ._compat import PY2
from ._compat import string_types
if PY2:
from cStringIO import StringIO
else:
import io
from ._compat import _find_binary_reader
class EchoingStdin(object):
def __init__(self, input, output):
self._input = input
self._output = output
def __getattr__(self, x):
return getattr(self._input, x)
def _echo(self, rv):
self._output.write(rv)
return rv
def read(self, n=-1):
return self._echo(self._input.read(n))
def readline(self, n=-1):
return self._echo(self._input.readline(n))
def readlines(self):
return [self._echo(x) for x in self._input.readlines()]
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self._echo(x) for x in self._input)
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self._input)
def make_input_stream(input, charset):
# Is already an input stream.
if hasattr(input, "read"):
if PY2:
return input
rv = _find_binary_reader(input)
if rv is not None:
return rv
raise TypeError("Could not find binary reader for input stream.")
if input is None:
input = b""
elif not isinstance(input, bytes):
input = input.encode(charset)
if PY2:
return StringIO(input)
return io.BytesIO(input)
class Result(object):
"""Holds the captured result of an invoked CLI script."""
def __init__(
self, runner, stdout_bytes, stderr_bytes, exit_code, exception, exc_info=None
):
#: The runner that created the result
self.runner = runner
#: The standard output as bytes.
self.stdout_bytes = stdout_bytes
#: The standard error as bytes, or None if not available
self.stderr_bytes = stderr_bytes
#: The exit code as integer.
self.exit_code = exit_code
#: The exception that happened if one did.
self.exception = exception
#: The traceback
self.exc_info = exc_info
@property
def output(self):
"""The (standard) output as unicode string."""
return self.stdout
@property
def stdout(self):
"""The standard output as unicode string."""
return self.stdout_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
"\r\n", "\n"
)
@property
def stderr(self):
"""The standard error as unicode string."""
if self.stderr_bytes is None:
raise ValueError("stderr not separately captured")
return self.stderr_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
"\r\n", "\n"
)
def __repr__(self):
return "<{} {}>".format(
type(self).__name__, repr(self.exception) if self.exception else "okay"
)
class CliRunner(object):
"""The CLI runner provides functionality to invoke a Click command line
script for unittesting purposes in a isolated environment. This only
works in single-threaded systems without any concurrency as it changes the
global interpreter state.
:param charset: the character set for the input and output data. This is
UTF-8 by default and should not be changed currently as
the reporting to Click only works in Python 2 properly.
:param env: a dictionary with environment variables for overriding.
:param echo_stdin: if this is set to `True`, then reading from stdin writes
to stdout. This is useful for showing examples in
some circumstances. Note that regular prompts
will automatically echo the input.
:param mix_stderr: if this is set to `False`, then stdout and stderr are
preserved as independent streams. This is useful for
Unix-philosophy apps that have predictable stdout and
noisy stderr, such that each may be measured
independently
"""
def __init__(self, charset=None, env=None, echo_stdin=False, mix_stderr=True):
if charset is None:
charset = "utf-8"
self.charset = charset
self.env = env or {}
self.echo_stdin = echo_stdin
self.mix_stderr = mix_stderr
def get_default_prog_name(self, cli):
"""Given a command object it will return the default program name
for it. The default is the `name` attribute or ``"root"`` if not
set.
"""
return cli.name or "root"
def make_env(self, overrides=None):
"""Returns the environment overrides for invoking a script."""
rv = dict(self.env)
if overrides:
rv.update(overrides)
return rv
@contextlib.contextmanager
def isolation(self, input=None, env=None, color=False):
"""A context manager that sets up the isolation for invoking of a
command line tool. This sets up stdin with the given input data
and `os.environ` with the overrides from the given dictionary.
This also rebinds some internals in Click to be mocked (like the
prompt functionality).
This is automatically done in the :meth:`invoke` method.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
The ``color`` parameter was added.
:param input: the input stream to put into sys.stdin.
:param env: the environment overrides as dictionary.
:param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
application can still override this explicitly.
"""
input = make_input_stream(input, self.charset)
old_stdin = sys.stdin
old_stdout = sys.stdout
old_stderr = sys.stderr
old_forced_width = formatting.FORCED_WIDTH
formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = 80
env = self.make_env(env)
if PY2:
bytes_output = StringIO()
if self.echo_stdin:
input = EchoingStdin(input, bytes_output)
sys.stdout = bytes_output
if not self.mix_stderr:
bytes_error = StringIO()
sys.stderr = bytes_error
else:
bytes_output = io.BytesIO()
if self.echo_stdin:
input = EchoingStdin(input, bytes_output)
input = io.TextIOWrapper(input, encoding=self.charset)
sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(bytes_output, encoding=self.charset)
if not self.mix_stderr:
bytes_error = io.BytesIO()
sys.stderr = io.TextIOWrapper(bytes_error, encoding=self.charset)
if self.mix_stderr:
sys.stderr = sys.stdout
sys.stdin = input
def visible_input(prompt=None):
sys.stdout.write(prompt or "")
val = input.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
sys.stdout.write("{}\n".format(val))
sys.stdout.flush()
return val
def hidden_input(prompt=None):
sys.stdout.write("{}\n".format(prompt or ""))
sys.stdout.flush()
return input.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
def _getchar(echo):
char = sys.stdin.read(1)
if echo:
sys.stdout.write(char)
sys.stdout.flush()
return char
default_color = color
def should_strip_ansi(stream=None, color=None):
if color is None:
return not default_color
return not color
old_visible_prompt_func = termui.visible_prompt_func
old_hidden_prompt_func = termui.hidden_prompt_func
old__getchar_func = termui._getchar
old_should_strip_ansi = utils.should_strip_ansi
termui.visible_prompt_func = visible_input
termui.hidden_prompt_func = hidden_input
termui._getchar = _getchar
utils.should_strip_ansi = should_strip_ansi
old_env = {}
try:
for key, value in iteritems(env):
old_env[key] = os.environ.get(key)
if value is None:
try:
del os.environ[key]
except Exception:
pass
else:
os.environ[key] = value
yield (bytes_output, not self.mix_stderr and bytes_error)
finally:
for key, value in iteritems(old_env):
if value is None:
try:
del os.environ[key]
except Exception:
pass
else:
os.environ[key] = value
sys.stdout = old_stdout
sys.stderr = old_stderr
sys.stdin = old_stdin
termui.visible_prompt_func = old_visible_prompt_func
termui.hidden_prompt_func = old_hidden_prompt_func
termui._getchar = old__getchar_func
utils.should_strip_ansi = old_should_strip_ansi
formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = old_forced_width
def invoke(
self,
cli,
args=None,
input=None,
env=None,
catch_exceptions=True,
color=False,
**extra
):
"""Invokes a command in an isolated environment. The arguments are
forwarded directly to the command line script, the `extra` keyword
arguments are passed to the :meth:`~clickpkg.Command.main` function of
the command.
This returns a :class:`Result` object.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
The ``catch_exceptions`` parameter was added.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
The result object now has an `exc_info` attribute with the
traceback if available.
.. versionadded:: 4.0
The ``color`` parameter was added.
:param cli: the command to invoke
:param args: the arguments to invoke. It may be given as an iterable
or a string. When given as string it will be interpreted
as a Unix shell command. More details at
:func:`shlex.split`.
:param input: the input data for `sys.stdin`.
:param env: the environment overrides.
:param catch_exceptions: Whether to catch any other exceptions than
``SystemExit``.
:param extra: the keyword arguments to pass to :meth:`main`.
:param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
application can still override this explicitly.
"""
exc_info = None
with self.isolation(input=input, env=env, color=color) as outstreams:
exception = None
exit_code = 0
if isinstance(args, string_types):
args = shlex.split(args)
try:
prog_name = extra.pop("prog_name")
except KeyError:
prog_name = self.get_default_prog_name(cli)
try:
cli.main(args=args or (), prog_name=prog_name, **extra)
except SystemExit as e:
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
exit_code = e.code
if exit_code is None:
exit_code = 0
if exit_code != 0:
exception = e
if not isinstance(exit_code, int):
sys.stdout.write(str(exit_code))
sys.stdout.write("\n")
exit_code = 1
except Exception as e:
if not catch_exceptions:
raise
exception = e
exit_code = 1
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
finally:
sys.stdout.flush()
stdout = outstreams[0].getvalue()
if self.mix_stderr:
stderr = None
else:
stderr = outstreams[1].getvalue()
return Result(
runner=self,
stdout_bytes=stdout,
stderr_bytes=stderr,
exit_code=exit_code,
exception=exception,
exc_info=exc_info,
)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def isolated_filesystem(self):
"""A context manager that creates a temporary folder and changes
the current working directory to it for isolated filesystem tests.
"""
cwd = os.getcwd()
t = tempfile.mkdtemp()
os.chdir(t)
try:
yield t
finally:
os.chdir(cwd)
try:
shutil.rmtree(t)
except (OSError, IOError): # noqa: B014
pass

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@ -0,0 +1,762 @@
import os
import stat
from datetime import datetime
from ._compat import _get_argv_encoding
from ._compat import filename_to_ui
from ._compat import get_filesystem_encoding
from ._compat import get_streerror
from ._compat import open_stream
from ._compat import PY2
from ._compat import text_type
from .exceptions import BadParameter
from .utils import LazyFile
from .utils import safecall
class ParamType(object):
"""Helper for converting values through types. The following is
necessary for a valid type:
* it needs a name
* it needs to pass through None unchanged
* it needs to convert from a string
* it needs to convert its result type through unchanged
(eg: needs to be idempotent)
* it needs to be able to deal with param and context being `None`.
This can be the case when the object is used with prompt
inputs.
"""
is_composite = False
#: the descriptive name of this type
name = None
#: if a list of this type is expected and the value is pulled from a
#: string environment variable, this is what splits it up. `None`
#: means any whitespace. For all parameters the general rule is that
#: whitespace splits them up. The exception are paths and files which
#: are split by ``os.path.pathsep`` by default (":" on Unix and ";" on
#: Windows).
envvar_list_splitter = None
def __call__(self, value, param=None, ctx=None):
if value is not None:
return self.convert(value, param, ctx)
def get_metavar(self, param):
"""Returns the metavar default for this param if it provides one."""
def get_missing_message(self, param):
"""Optionally might return extra information about a missing
parameter.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
"""
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
"""Converts the value. This is not invoked for values that are
`None` (the missing value).
"""
return value
def split_envvar_value(self, rv):
"""Given a value from an environment variable this splits it up
into small chunks depending on the defined envvar list splitter.
If the splitter is set to `None`, which means that whitespace splits,
then leading and trailing whitespace is ignored. Otherwise, leading
and trailing splitters usually lead to empty items being included.
"""
return (rv or "").split(self.envvar_list_splitter)
def fail(self, message, param=None, ctx=None):
"""Helper method to fail with an invalid value message."""
raise BadParameter(message, ctx=ctx, param=param)
class CompositeParamType(ParamType):
is_composite = True
@property
def arity(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
class FuncParamType(ParamType):
def __init__(self, func):
self.name = func.__name__
self.func = func
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
return self.func(value)
except ValueError:
try:
value = text_type(value)
except UnicodeError:
value = str(value).decode("utf-8", "replace")
self.fail(value, param, ctx)
class UnprocessedParamType(ParamType):
name = "text"
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
return value
def __repr__(self):
return "UNPROCESSED"
class StringParamType(ParamType):
name = "text"
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
if isinstance(value, bytes):
enc = _get_argv_encoding()
try:
value = value.decode(enc)
except UnicodeError:
fs_enc = get_filesystem_encoding()
if fs_enc != enc:
try:
value = value.decode(fs_enc)
except UnicodeError:
value = value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
else:
value = value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
return value
return value
def __repr__(self):
return "STRING"
class Choice(ParamType):
"""The choice type allows a value to be checked against a fixed set
of supported values. All of these values have to be strings.
You should only pass a list or tuple of choices. Other iterables
(like generators) may lead to surprising results.
The resulting value will always be one of the originally passed choices
regardless of ``case_sensitive`` or any ``ctx.token_normalize_func``
being specified.
See :ref:`choice-opts` for an example.
:param case_sensitive: Set to false to make choices case
insensitive. Defaults to true.
"""
name = "choice"
def __init__(self, choices, case_sensitive=True):
self.choices = choices
self.case_sensitive = case_sensitive
def get_metavar(self, param):
return "[{}]".format("|".join(self.choices))
def get_missing_message(self, param):
return "Choose from:\n\t{}.".format(",\n\t".join(self.choices))
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
# Match through normalization and case sensitivity
# first do token_normalize_func, then lowercase
# preserve original `value` to produce an accurate message in
# `self.fail`
normed_value = value
normed_choices = {choice: choice for choice in self.choices}
if ctx is not None and ctx.token_normalize_func is not None:
normed_value = ctx.token_normalize_func(value)
normed_choices = {
ctx.token_normalize_func(normed_choice): original
for normed_choice, original in normed_choices.items()
}
if not self.case_sensitive:
if PY2:
lower = str.lower
else:
lower = str.casefold
normed_value = lower(normed_value)
normed_choices = {
lower(normed_choice): original
for normed_choice, original in normed_choices.items()
}
if normed_value in normed_choices:
return normed_choices[normed_value]
self.fail(
"invalid choice: {}. (choose from {})".format(
value, ", ".join(self.choices)
),
param,
ctx,
)
def __repr__(self):
return "Choice('{}')".format(list(self.choices))
class DateTime(ParamType):
"""The DateTime type converts date strings into `datetime` objects.
The format strings which are checked are configurable, but default to some
common (non-timezone aware) ISO 8601 formats.
When specifying *DateTime* formats, you should only pass a list or a tuple.
Other iterables, like generators, may lead to surprising results.
The format strings are processed using ``datetime.strptime``, and this
consequently defines the format strings which are allowed.
Parsing is tried using each format, in order, and the first format which
parses successfully is used.
:param formats: A list or tuple of date format strings, in the order in
which they should be tried. Defaults to
``'%Y-%m-%d'``, ``'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'``,
``'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'``.
"""
name = "datetime"
def __init__(self, formats=None):
self.formats = formats or ["%Y-%m-%d", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"]
def get_metavar(self, param):
return "[{}]".format("|".join(self.formats))
def _try_to_convert_date(self, value, format):
try:
return datetime.strptime(value, format)
except ValueError:
return None
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
# Exact match
for format in self.formats:
dtime = self._try_to_convert_date(value, format)
if dtime:
return dtime
self.fail(
"invalid datetime format: {}. (choose from {})".format(
value, ", ".join(self.formats)
)
)
def __repr__(self):
return "DateTime"
class IntParamType(ParamType):
name = "integer"
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
return int(value)
except ValueError:
self.fail("{} is not a valid integer".format(value), param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return "INT"
class IntRange(IntParamType):
"""A parameter that works similar to :data:`click.INT` but restricts
the value to fit into a range. The default behavior is to fail if the
value falls outside the range, but it can also be silently clamped
between the two edges.
See :ref:`ranges` for an example.
"""
name = "integer range"
def __init__(self, min=None, max=None, clamp=False):
self.min = min
self.max = max
self.clamp = clamp
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
rv = IntParamType.convert(self, value, param, ctx)
if self.clamp:
if self.min is not None and rv < self.min:
return self.min
if self.max is not None and rv > self.max:
return self.max
if (
self.min is not None
and rv < self.min
or self.max is not None
and rv > self.max
):
if self.min is None:
self.fail(
"{} is bigger than the maximum valid value {}.".format(
rv, self.max
),
param,
ctx,
)
elif self.max is None:
self.fail(
"{} is smaller than the minimum valid value {}.".format(
rv, self.min
),
param,
ctx,
)
else:
self.fail(
"{} is not in the valid range of {} to {}.".format(
rv, self.min, self.max
),
param,
ctx,
)
return rv
def __repr__(self):
return "IntRange({}, {})".format(self.min, self.max)
class FloatParamType(ParamType):
name = "float"
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
return float(value)
except ValueError:
self.fail(
"{} is not a valid floating point value".format(value), param, ctx
)
def __repr__(self):
return "FLOAT"
class FloatRange(FloatParamType):
"""A parameter that works similar to :data:`click.FLOAT` but restricts
the value to fit into a range. The default behavior is to fail if the
value falls outside the range, but it can also be silently clamped
between the two edges.
See :ref:`ranges` for an example.
"""
name = "float range"
def __init__(self, min=None, max=None, clamp=False):
self.min = min
self.max = max
self.clamp = clamp
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
rv = FloatParamType.convert(self, value, param, ctx)
if self.clamp:
if self.min is not None and rv < self.min:
return self.min
if self.max is not None and rv > self.max:
return self.max
if (
self.min is not None
and rv < self.min
or self.max is not None
and rv > self.max
):
if self.min is None:
self.fail(
"{} is bigger than the maximum valid value {}.".format(
rv, self.max
),
param,
ctx,
)
elif self.max is None:
self.fail(
"{} is smaller than the minimum valid value {}.".format(
rv, self.min
),
param,
ctx,
)
else:
self.fail(
"{} is not in the valid range of {} to {}.".format(
rv, self.min, self.max
),
param,
ctx,
)
return rv
def __repr__(self):
return "FloatRange({}, {})".format(self.min, self.max)
class BoolParamType(ParamType):
name = "boolean"
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
if isinstance(value, bool):
return bool(value)
value = value.lower()
if value in ("true", "t", "1", "yes", "y"):
return True
elif value in ("false", "f", "0", "no", "n"):
return False
self.fail("{} is not a valid boolean".format(value), param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return "BOOL"
class UUIDParameterType(ParamType):
name = "uuid"
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
import uuid
try:
if PY2 and isinstance(value, text_type):
value = value.encode("ascii")
return uuid.UUID(value)
except ValueError:
self.fail("{} is not a valid UUID value".format(value), param, ctx)
def __repr__(self):
return "UUID"
class File(ParamType):
"""Declares a parameter to be a file for reading or writing. The file
is automatically closed once the context tears down (after the command
finished working).
Files can be opened for reading or writing. The special value ``-``
indicates stdin or stdout depending on the mode.
By default, the file is opened for reading text data, but it can also be
opened in binary mode or for writing. The encoding parameter can be used
to force a specific encoding.
The `lazy` flag controls if the file should be opened immediately or upon
first IO. The default is to be non-lazy for standard input and output
streams as well as files opened for reading, `lazy` otherwise. When opening a
file lazily for reading, it is still opened temporarily for validation, but
will not be held open until first IO. lazy is mainly useful when opening
for writing to avoid creating the file until it is needed.
Starting with Click 2.0, files can also be opened atomically in which
case all writes go into a separate file in the same folder and upon
completion the file will be moved over to the original location. This
is useful if a file regularly read by other users is modified.
See :ref:`file-args` for more information.
"""
name = "filename"
envvar_list_splitter = os.path.pathsep
def __init__(
self, mode="r", encoding=None, errors="strict", lazy=None, atomic=False
):
self.mode = mode
self.encoding = encoding
self.errors = errors
self.lazy = lazy
self.atomic = atomic
def resolve_lazy_flag(self, value):
if self.lazy is not None:
return self.lazy
if value == "-":
return False
elif "w" in self.mode:
return True
return False
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
try:
if hasattr(value, "read") or hasattr(value, "write"):
return value
lazy = self.resolve_lazy_flag(value)
if lazy:
f = LazyFile(
value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
)
if ctx is not None:
ctx.call_on_close(f.close_intelligently)
return f
f, should_close = open_stream(
value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
)
# If a context is provided, we automatically close the file
# at the end of the context execution (or flush out). If a
# context does not exist, it's the caller's responsibility to
# properly close the file. This for instance happens when the
# type is used with prompts.
if ctx is not None:
if should_close:
ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.close))
else:
ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.flush))
return f
except (IOError, OSError) as e: # noqa: B014
self.fail(
"Could not open file: {}: {}".format(
filename_to_ui(value), get_streerror(e)
),
param,
ctx,
)
class Path(ParamType):
"""The path type is similar to the :class:`File` type but it performs
different checks. First of all, instead of returning an open file
handle it returns just the filename. Secondly, it can perform various
basic checks about what the file or directory should be.
.. versionchanged:: 6.0
`allow_dash` was added.
:param exists: if set to true, the file or directory needs to exist for
this value to be valid. If this is not required and a
file does indeed not exist, then all further checks are
silently skipped.
:param file_okay: controls if a file is a possible value.
:param dir_okay: controls if a directory is a possible value.
:param writable: if true, a writable check is performed.
:param readable: if true, a readable check is performed.
:param resolve_path: if this is true, then the path is fully resolved
before the value is passed onwards. This means
that it's absolute and symlinks are resolved. It
will not expand a tilde-prefix, as this is
supposed to be done by the shell only.
:param allow_dash: If this is set to `True`, a single dash to indicate
standard streams is permitted.
:param path_type: optionally a string type that should be used to
represent the path. The default is `None` which
means the return value will be either bytes or
unicode depending on what makes most sense given the
input data Click deals with.
"""
envvar_list_splitter = os.path.pathsep
def __init__(
self,
exists=False,
file_okay=True,
dir_okay=True,
writable=False,
readable=True,
resolve_path=False,
allow_dash=False,
path_type=None,
):
self.exists = exists
self.file_okay = file_okay
self.dir_okay = dir_okay
self.writable = writable
self.readable = readable
self.resolve_path = resolve_path
self.allow_dash = allow_dash
self.type = path_type
if self.file_okay and not self.dir_okay:
self.name = "file"
self.path_type = "File"
elif self.dir_okay and not self.file_okay:
self.name = "directory"
self.path_type = "Directory"
else:
self.name = "path"
self.path_type = "Path"
def coerce_path_result(self, rv):
if self.type is not None and not isinstance(rv, self.type):
if self.type is text_type:
rv = rv.decode(get_filesystem_encoding())
else:
rv = rv.encode(get_filesystem_encoding())
return rv
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
rv = value
is_dash = self.file_okay and self.allow_dash and rv in (b"-", "-")
if not is_dash:
if self.resolve_path:
rv = os.path.realpath(rv)
try:
st = os.stat(rv)
except OSError:
if not self.exists:
return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
self.fail(
"{} '{}' does not exist.".format(
self.path_type, filename_to_ui(value)
),
param,
ctx,
)
if not self.file_okay and stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode):
self.fail(
"{} '{}' is a file.".format(self.path_type, filename_to_ui(value)),
param,
ctx,
)
if not self.dir_okay and stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
self.fail(
"{} '{}' is a directory.".format(
self.path_type, filename_to_ui(value)
),
param,
ctx,
)
if self.writable and not os.access(value, os.W_OK):
self.fail(
"{} '{}' is not writable.".format(
self.path_type, filename_to_ui(value)
),
param,
ctx,
)
if self.readable and not os.access(value, os.R_OK):
self.fail(
"{} '{}' is not readable.".format(
self.path_type, filename_to_ui(value)
),
param,
ctx,
)
return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
class Tuple(CompositeParamType):
"""The default behavior of Click is to apply a type on a value directly.
This works well in most cases, except for when `nargs` is set to a fixed
count and different types should be used for different items. In this
case the :class:`Tuple` type can be used. This type can only be used
if `nargs` is set to a fixed number.
For more information see :ref:`tuple-type`.
This can be selected by using a Python tuple literal as a type.
:param types: a list of types that should be used for the tuple items.
"""
def __init__(self, types):
self.types = [convert_type(ty) for ty in types]
@property
def name(self):
return "<{}>".format(" ".join(ty.name for ty in self.types))
@property
def arity(self):
return len(self.types)
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
if len(value) != len(self.types):
raise TypeError(
"It would appear that nargs is set to conflict with the"
" composite type arity."
)
return tuple(ty(x, param, ctx) for ty, x in zip(self.types, value))
def convert_type(ty, default=None):
"""Converts a callable or python type into the most appropriate
param type.
"""
guessed_type = False
if ty is None and default is not None:
if isinstance(default, tuple):
ty = tuple(map(type, default))
else:
ty = type(default)
guessed_type = True
if isinstance(ty, tuple):
return Tuple(ty)
if isinstance(ty, ParamType):
return ty
if ty is text_type or ty is str or ty is None:
return STRING
if ty is int:
return INT
# Booleans are only okay if not guessed. This is done because for
# flags the default value is actually a bit of a lie in that it
# indicates which of the flags is the one we want. See get_default()
# for more information.
if ty is bool and not guessed_type:
return BOOL
if ty is float:
return FLOAT
if guessed_type:
return STRING
# Catch a common mistake
if __debug__:
try:
if issubclass(ty, ParamType):
raise AssertionError(
"Attempted to use an uninstantiated parameter type ({}).".format(ty)
)
except TypeError:
pass
return FuncParamType(ty)
#: A dummy parameter type that just does nothing. From a user's
#: perspective this appears to just be the same as `STRING` but internally
#: no string conversion takes place. This is necessary to achieve the
#: same bytes/unicode behavior on Python 2/3 in situations where you want
#: to not convert argument types. This is usually useful when working
#: with file paths as they can appear in bytes and unicode.
#:
#: For path related uses the :class:`Path` type is a better choice but
#: there are situations where an unprocessed type is useful which is why
#: it is is provided.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 4.0
UNPROCESSED = UnprocessedParamType()
#: A unicode string parameter type which is the implicit default. This
#: can also be selected by using ``str`` as type.
STRING = StringParamType()
#: An integer parameter. This can also be selected by using ``int`` as
#: type.
INT = IntParamType()
#: A floating point value parameter. This can also be selected by using
#: ``float`` as type.
FLOAT = FloatParamType()
#: A boolean parameter. This is the default for boolean flags. This can
#: also be selected by using ``bool`` as a type.
BOOL = BoolParamType()
#: A UUID parameter.
UUID = UUIDParameterType()

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import os
import sys
from ._compat import _default_text_stderr
from ._compat import _default_text_stdout
from ._compat import auto_wrap_for_ansi
from ._compat import binary_streams
from ._compat import filename_to_ui
from ._compat import get_filesystem_encoding
from ._compat import get_streerror
from ._compat import is_bytes
from ._compat import open_stream
from ._compat import PY2
from ._compat import should_strip_ansi
from ._compat import string_types
from ._compat import strip_ansi
from ._compat import text_streams
from ._compat import text_type
from ._compat import WIN
from .globals import resolve_color_default
if not PY2:
from ._compat import _find_binary_writer
elif WIN:
from ._winconsole import _get_windows_argv
from ._winconsole import _hash_py_argv
from ._winconsole import _initial_argv_hash
echo_native_types = string_types + (bytes, bytearray)
def _posixify(name):
return "-".join(name.split()).lower()
def safecall(func):
"""Wraps a function so that it swallows exceptions."""
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception:
pass
return wrapper
def make_str(value):
"""Converts a value into a valid string."""
if isinstance(value, bytes):
try:
return value.decode(get_filesystem_encoding())
except UnicodeError:
return value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
return text_type(value)
def make_default_short_help(help, max_length=45):
"""Return a condensed version of help string."""
words = help.split()
total_length = 0
result = []
done = False
for word in words:
if word[-1:] == ".":
done = True
new_length = 1 + len(word) if result else len(word)
if total_length + new_length > max_length:
result.append("...")
done = True
else:
if result:
result.append(" ")
result.append(word)
if done:
break
total_length += new_length
return "".join(result)
class LazyFile(object):
"""A lazy file works like a regular file but it does not fully open
the file but it does perform some basic checks early to see if the
filename parameter does make sense. This is useful for safely opening
files for writing.
"""
def __init__(
self, filename, mode="r", encoding=None, errors="strict", atomic=False
):
self.name = filename
self.mode = mode
self.encoding = encoding
self.errors = errors
self.atomic = atomic
if filename == "-":
self._f, self.should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors)
else:
if "r" in mode:
# Open and close the file in case we're opening it for
# reading so that we can catch at least some errors in
# some cases early.
open(filename, mode).close()
self._f = None
self.should_close = True
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self.open(), name)
def __repr__(self):
if self._f is not None:
return repr(self._f)
return "<unopened file '{}' {}>".format(self.name, self.mode)
def open(self):
"""Opens the file if it's not yet open. This call might fail with
a :exc:`FileError`. Not handling this error will produce an error
that Click shows.
"""
if self._f is not None:
return self._f
try:
rv, self.should_close = open_stream(
self.name, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
)
except (IOError, OSError) as e: # noqa: E402
from .exceptions import FileError
raise FileError(self.name, hint=get_streerror(e))
self._f = rv
return rv
def close(self):
"""Closes the underlying file, no matter what."""
if self._f is not None:
self._f.close()
def close_intelligently(self):
"""This function only closes the file if it was opened by the lazy
file wrapper. For instance this will never close stdin.
"""
if self.should_close:
self.close()
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.close_intelligently()
def __iter__(self):
self.open()
return iter(self._f)
class KeepOpenFile(object):
def __init__(self, file):
self._file = file
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._file, name)
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
pass
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self._file)
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self._file)
def echo(message=None, file=None, nl=True, err=False, color=None):
"""Prints a message plus a newline to the given file or stdout. On
first sight, this looks like the print function, but it has improved
support for handling Unicode and binary data that does not fail no
matter how badly configured the system is.
Primarily it means that you can print binary data as well as Unicode
data on both 2.x and 3.x to the given file in the most appropriate way
possible. This is a very carefree function in that it will try its
best to not fail. As of Click 6.0 this includes support for unicode
output on the Windows console.
In addition to that, if `colorama`_ is installed, the echo function will
also support clever handling of ANSI codes. Essentially it will then
do the following:
- add transparent handling of ANSI color codes on Windows.
- hide ANSI codes automatically if the destination file is not a
terminal.
.. _colorama: https://pypi.org/project/colorama/
.. versionchanged:: 6.0
As of Click 6.0 the echo function will properly support unicode
output on the windows console. Not that click does not modify
the interpreter in any way which means that `sys.stdout` or the
print statement or function will still not provide unicode support.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Starting with version 2.0 of Click, the echo function will work
with colorama if it's installed.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
The `err` parameter was added.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Added the `color` flag.
:param message: the message to print
:param file: the file to write to (defaults to ``stdout``)
:param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
``stdout``. This is faster and easier than calling
:func:`get_text_stderr` yourself.
:param nl: if set to `True` (the default) a newline is printed afterwards.
:param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not. The
default is autodetection.
"""
if file is None:
if err:
file = _default_text_stderr()
else:
file = _default_text_stdout()
# Convert non bytes/text into the native string type.
if message is not None and not isinstance(message, echo_native_types):
message = text_type(message)
if nl:
message = message or u""
if isinstance(message, text_type):
message += u"\n"
else:
message += b"\n"
# If there is a message, and we're in Python 3, and the value looks
# like bytes, we manually need to find the binary stream and write the
# message in there. This is done separately so that most stream
# types will work as you would expect. Eg: you can write to StringIO
# for other cases.
if message and not PY2 and is_bytes(message):
binary_file = _find_binary_writer(file)
if binary_file is not None:
file.flush()
binary_file.write(message)
binary_file.flush()
return
# ANSI-style support. If there is no message or we are dealing with
# bytes nothing is happening. If we are connected to a file we want
# to strip colors. If we are on windows we either wrap the stream
# to strip the color or we use the colorama support to translate the
# ansi codes to API calls.
if message and not is_bytes(message):
color = resolve_color_default(color)
if should_strip_ansi(file, color):
message = strip_ansi(message)
elif WIN:
if auto_wrap_for_ansi is not None:
file = auto_wrap_for_ansi(file)
elif not color:
message = strip_ansi(message)
if message:
file.write(message)
file.flush()
def get_binary_stream(name):
"""Returns a system stream for byte processing. This essentially
returns the stream from the sys module with the given name but it
solves some compatibility issues between different Python versions.
Primarily this function is necessary for getting binary streams on
Python 3.
:param name: the name of the stream to open. Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
"""
opener = binary_streams.get(name)
if opener is None:
raise TypeError("Unknown standard stream '{}'".format(name))
return opener()
def get_text_stream(name, encoding=None, errors="strict"):
"""Returns a system stream for text processing. This usually returns
a wrapped stream around a binary stream returned from
:func:`get_binary_stream` but it also can take shortcuts on Python 3
for already correctly configured streams.
:param name: the name of the stream to open. Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
:param encoding: overrides the detected default encoding.
:param errors: overrides the default error mode.
"""
opener = text_streams.get(name)
if opener is None:
raise TypeError("Unknown standard stream '{}'".format(name))
return opener(encoding, errors)
def open_file(
filename, mode="r", encoding=None, errors="strict", lazy=False, atomic=False
):
"""This is similar to how the :class:`File` works but for manual
usage. Files are opened non lazy by default. This can open regular
files as well as stdin/stdout if ``'-'`` is passed.
If stdin/stdout is returned the stream is wrapped so that the context
manager will not close the stream accidentally. This makes it possible
to always use the function like this without having to worry to
accidentally close a standard stream::
with open_file(filename) as f:
...
.. versionadded:: 3.0
:param filename: the name of the file to open (or ``'-'`` for stdin/stdout).
:param mode: the mode in which to open the file.
:param encoding: the encoding to use.
:param errors: the error handling for this file.
:param lazy: can be flipped to true to open the file lazily.
:param atomic: in atomic mode writes go into a temporary file and it's
moved on close.
"""
if lazy:
return LazyFile(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic)
f, should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic)
if not should_close:
f = KeepOpenFile(f)
return f
def get_os_args():
"""This returns the argument part of sys.argv in the most appropriate
form for processing. What this means is that this return value is in
a format that works for Click to process but does not necessarily
correspond well to what's actually standard for the interpreter.
On most environments the return value is ``sys.argv[:1]`` unchanged.
However if you are on Windows and running Python 2 the return value
will actually be a list of unicode strings instead because the
default behavior on that platform otherwise will not be able to
carry all possible values that sys.argv can have.
.. versionadded:: 6.0
"""
# We can only extract the unicode argv if sys.argv has not been
# changed since the startup of the application.
if PY2 and WIN and _initial_argv_hash == _hash_py_argv():
return _get_windows_argv()
return sys.argv[1:]
def format_filename(filename, shorten=False):
"""Formats a filename for user display. The main purpose of this
function is to ensure that the filename can be displayed at all. This
will decode the filename to unicode if necessary in a way that it will
not fail. Optionally, it can shorten the filename to not include the
full path to the filename.
:param filename: formats a filename for UI display. This will also convert
the filename into unicode without failing.
:param shorten: this optionally shortens the filename to strip of the
path that leads up to it.
"""
if shorten:
filename = os.path.basename(filename)
return filename_to_ui(filename)
def get_app_dir(app_name, roaming=True, force_posix=False):
r"""Returns the config folder for the application. The default behavior
is to return whatever is most appropriate for the operating system.
To give you an idea, for an app called ``"Foo Bar"``, something like
the following folders could be returned:
Mac OS X:
``~/Library/Application Support/Foo Bar``
Mac OS X (POSIX):
``~/.foo-bar``
Unix:
``~/.config/foo-bar``
Unix (POSIX):
``~/.foo-bar``
Win XP (roaming):
``C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Local Settings\Application Data\Foo Bar``
Win XP (not roaming):
``C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Application Data\Foo Bar``
Win 7 (roaming):
``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Foo Bar``
Win 7 (not roaming):
``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Foo Bar``
.. versionadded:: 2.0
:param app_name: the application name. This should be properly capitalized
and can contain whitespace.
:param roaming: controls if the folder should be roaming or not on Windows.
Has no affect otherwise.
:param force_posix: if this is set to `True` then on any POSIX system the
folder will be stored in the home folder with a leading
dot instead of the XDG config home or darwin's
application support folder.
"""
if WIN:
key = "APPDATA" if roaming else "LOCALAPPDATA"
folder = os.environ.get(key)
if folder is None:
folder = os.path.expanduser("~")
return os.path.join(folder, app_name)
if force_posix:
return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~/.{}".format(_posixify(app_name))))
if sys.platform == "darwin":
return os.path.join(
os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Application Support"), app_name
)
return os.path.join(
os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", os.path.expanduser("~/.config")),
_posixify(app_name),
)
class PacifyFlushWrapper(object):
"""This wrapper is used to catch and suppress BrokenPipeErrors resulting
from ``.flush()`` being called on broken pipe during the shutdown/final-GC
of the Python interpreter. Notably ``.flush()`` is always called on
``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``. So as to have minimal impact on any
other cleanup code, and the case where the underlying file is not a broken
pipe, all calls and attributes are proxied.
"""
def __init__(self, wrapped):
self.wrapped = wrapped
def flush(self):
try:
self.wrapped.flush()
except IOError as e:
import errno
if e.errno != errno.EPIPE:
raise
def __getattr__(self, attr):
return getattr(self.wrapped, attr)

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"""Run the EasyInstall command"""
if __name__ == '__main__':
from setuptools.command.easy_install import main
main()

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask
~~~~~
A microframework based on Werkzeug. It's extensively documented
and follows best practice patterns.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
# utilities we import from Werkzeug and Jinja2 that are unused
# in the module but are exported as public interface.
from jinja2 import escape
from jinja2 import Markup
from werkzeug.exceptions import abort
from werkzeug.utils import redirect
from . import json
from ._compat import json_available
from .app import Flask
from .app import Request
from .app import Response
from .blueprints import Blueprint
from .config import Config
from .ctx import after_this_request
from .ctx import copy_current_request_context
from .ctx import has_app_context
from .ctx import has_request_context
from .globals import _app_ctx_stack
from .globals import _request_ctx_stack
from .globals import current_app
from .globals import g
from .globals import request
from .globals import session
from .helpers import flash
from .helpers import get_flashed_messages
from .helpers import get_template_attribute
from .helpers import make_response
from .helpers import safe_join
from .helpers import send_file
from .helpers import send_from_directory
from .helpers import stream_with_context
from .helpers import url_for
from .json import jsonify
from .signals import appcontext_popped
from .signals import appcontext_pushed
from .signals import appcontext_tearing_down
from .signals import before_render_template
from .signals import got_request_exception
from .signals import message_flashed
from .signals import request_finished
from .signals import request_started
from .signals import request_tearing_down
from .signals import signals_available
from .signals import template_rendered
from .templating import render_template
from .templating import render_template_string
__version__ = "1.1.2"

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.__main__
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Alias for flask.run for the command line.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
from .cli import main
main(as_module=True)

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask._compat
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Some py2/py3 compatibility support based on a stripped down
version of six so we don't have to depend on a specific version
of it.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
import sys
PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
_identity = lambda x: x
try: # Python 2
text_type = unicode
string_types = (str, unicode)
integer_types = (int, long)
except NameError: # Python 3
text_type = str
string_types = (str,)
integer_types = (int,)
if not PY2:
iterkeys = lambda d: iter(d.keys())
itervalues = lambda d: iter(d.values())
iteritems = lambda d: iter(d.items())
from inspect import getfullargspec as getargspec
from io import StringIO
import collections.abc as collections_abc
def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
raise value
implements_to_string = _identity
else:
iterkeys = lambda d: d.iterkeys()
itervalues = lambda d: d.itervalues()
iteritems = lambda d: d.iteritems()
from inspect import getargspec
from cStringIO import StringIO
import collections as collections_abc
exec("def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):\n raise tp, value, tb")
def implements_to_string(cls):
cls.__unicode__ = cls.__str__
cls.__str__ = lambda x: x.__unicode__().encode("utf-8")
return cls
def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
"""Create a base class with a metaclass."""
# This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a
# dummy metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces
# itself with the actual metaclass.
class metaclass(type):
def __new__(metacls, name, this_bases, d):
return meta(name, bases, d)
return type.__new__(metaclass, "temporary_class", (), {})
# Certain versions of pypy have a bug where clearing the exception stack
# breaks the __exit__ function in a very peculiar way. The second level of
# exception blocks is necessary because pypy seems to forget to check if an
# exception happened until the next bytecode instruction?
#
# Relevant PyPy bugfix commit:
# https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/commits/77ecf91c635a287e88e60d8ddb0f4e9df4003301
# According to ronan on #pypy IRC, it is released in PyPy2 2.3 and later
# versions.
#
# Ubuntu 14.04 has PyPy 2.2.1, which does exhibit this bug.
BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT = False
if hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info"):
class _Mgr(object):
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, *args):
if hasattr(sys, "exc_clear"):
# Python 3 (PyPy3) doesn't have exc_clear
sys.exc_clear()
try:
try:
with _Mgr():
raise AssertionError()
except: # noqa: B001
# We intentionally use a bare except here. See the comment above
# regarding a pypy bug as to why.
raise
except TypeError:
BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT = True
except AssertionError:
pass
try:
from os import fspath
except ImportError:
# Backwards compatibility as proposed in PEP 0519:
# https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0519/#backwards-compatibility
def fspath(path):
return path.__fspath__() if hasattr(path, "__fspath__") else path
class _DeprecatedBool(object):
def __init__(self, name, version, value):
self.message = "'{}' is deprecated and will be removed in version {}.".format(
name, version
)
self.value = value
def _warn(self):
import warnings
warnings.warn(self.message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
def __eq__(self, other):
self._warn()
return other == self.value
def __ne__(self, other):
self._warn()
return other != self.value
def __bool__(self):
self._warn()
return self.value
__nonzero__ = __bool__
json_available = _DeprecatedBool("flask.json_available", "2.0.0", True)

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.blueprints
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Blueprints are the recommended way to implement larger or more
pluggable applications in Flask 0.7 and later.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
from functools import update_wrapper
from .helpers import _endpoint_from_view_func
from .helpers import _PackageBoundObject
# a singleton sentinel value for parameter defaults
_sentinel = object()
class BlueprintSetupState(object):
"""Temporary holder object for registering a blueprint with the
application. An instance of this class is created by the
:meth:`~flask.Blueprint.make_setup_state` method and later passed
to all register callback functions.
"""
def __init__(self, blueprint, app, options, first_registration):
#: a reference to the current application
self.app = app
#: a reference to the blueprint that created this setup state.
self.blueprint = blueprint
#: a dictionary with all options that were passed to the
#: :meth:`~flask.Flask.register_blueprint` method.
self.options = options
#: as blueprints can be registered multiple times with the
#: application and not everything wants to be registered
#: multiple times on it, this attribute can be used to figure
#: out if the blueprint was registered in the past already.
self.first_registration = first_registration
subdomain = self.options.get("subdomain")
if subdomain is None:
subdomain = self.blueprint.subdomain
#: The subdomain that the blueprint should be active for, ``None``
#: otherwise.
self.subdomain = subdomain
url_prefix = self.options.get("url_prefix")
if url_prefix is None:
url_prefix = self.blueprint.url_prefix
#: The prefix that should be used for all URLs defined on the
#: blueprint.
self.url_prefix = url_prefix
#: A dictionary with URL defaults that is added to each and every
#: URL that was defined with the blueprint.
self.url_defaults = dict(self.blueprint.url_values_defaults)
self.url_defaults.update(self.options.get("url_defaults", ()))
def add_url_rule(self, rule, endpoint=None, view_func=None, **options):
"""A helper method to register a rule (and optionally a view function)
to the application. The endpoint is automatically prefixed with the
blueprint's name.
"""
if self.url_prefix is not None:
if rule:
rule = "/".join((self.url_prefix.rstrip("/"), rule.lstrip("/")))
else:
rule = self.url_prefix
options.setdefault("subdomain", self.subdomain)
if endpoint is None:
endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func)
defaults = self.url_defaults
if "defaults" in options:
defaults = dict(defaults, **options.pop("defaults"))
self.app.add_url_rule(
rule,
"%s.%s" % (self.blueprint.name, endpoint),
view_func,
defaults=defaults,
**options
)
class Blueprint(_PackageBoundObject):
"""Represents a blueprint, a collection of routes and other
app-related functions that can be registered on a real application
later.
A blueprint is an object that allows defining application functions
without requiring an application object ahead of time. It uses the
same decorators as :class:`~flask.Flask`, but defers the need for an
application by recording them for later registration.
Decorating a function with a blueprint creates a deferred function
that is called with :class:`~flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState`
when the blueprint is registered on an application.
See :ref:`blueprints` for more information.
.. versionchanged:: 1.1.0
Blueprints have a ``cli`` group to register nested CLI commands.
The ``cli_group`` parameter controls the name of the group under
the ``flask`` command.
.. versionadded:: 0.7
:param name: The name of the blueprint. Will be prepended to each
endpoint name.
:param import_name: The name of the blueprint package, usually
``__name__``. This helps locate the ``root_path`` for the
blueprint.
:param static_folder: A folder with static files that should be
served by the blueprint's static route. The path is relative to
the blueprint's root path. Blueprint static files are disabled
by default.
:param static_url_path: The url to serve static files from.
Defaults to ``static_folder``. If the blueprint does not have
a ``url_prefix``, the app's static route will take precedence,
and the blueprint's static files won't be accessible.
:param template_folder: A folder with templates that should be added
to the app's template search path. The path is relative to the
blueprint's root path. Blueprint templates are disabled by
default. Blueprint templates have a lower precedence than those
in the app's templates folder.
:param url_prefix: A path to prepend to all of the blueprint's URLs,
to make them distinct from the rest of the app's routes.
:param subdomain: A subdomain that blueprint routes will match on by
default.
:param url_defaults: A dict of default values that blueprint routes
will receive by default.
:param root_path: By default, the blueprint will automatically this
based on ``import_name``. In certain situations this automatic
detection can fail, so the path can be specified manually
instead.
"""
warn_on_modifications = False
_got_registered_once = False
#: Blueprint local JSON decoder class to use.
#: Set to ``None`` to use the app's :class:`~flask.app.Flask.json_encoder`.
json_encoder = None
#: Blueprint local JSON decoder class to use.
#: Set to ``None`` to use the app's :class:`~flask.app.Flask.json_decoder`.
json_decoder = None
# TODO remove the next three attrs when Sphinx :inherited-members: works
# https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/741
#: The name of the package or module that this app belongs to. Do not
#: change this once it is set by the constructor.
import_name = None
#: Location of the template files to be added to the template lookup.
#: ``None`` if templates should not be added.
template_folder = None
#: Absolute path to the package on the filesystem. Used to look up
#: resources contained in the package.
root_path = None
def __init__(
self,
name,
import_name,
static_folder=None,
static_url_path=None,
template_folder=None,
url_prefix=None,
subdomain=None,
url_defaults=None,
root_path=None,
cli_group=_sentinel,
):
_PackageBoundObject.__init__(
self, import_name, template_folder, root_path=root_path
)
self.name = name
self.url_prefix = url_prefix
self.subdomain = subdomain
self.static_folder = static_folder
self.static_url_path = static_url_path
self.deferred_functions = []
if url_defaults is None:
url_defaults = {}
self.url_values_defaults = url_defaults
self.cli_group = cli_group
def record(self, func):
"""Registers a function that is called when the blueprint is
registered on the application. This function is called with the
state as argument as returned by the :meth:`make_setup_state`
method.
"""
if self._got_registered_once and self.warn_on_modifications:
from warnings import warn
warn(
Warning(
"The blueprint was already registered once "
"but is getting modified now. These changes "
"will not show up."
)
)
self.deferred_functions.append(func)
def record_once(self, func):
"""Works like :meth:`record` but wraps the function in another
function that will ensure the function is only called once. If the
blueprint is registered a second time on the application, the
function passed is not called.
"""
def wrapper(state):
if state.first_registration:
func(state)
return self.record(update_wrapper(wrapper, func))
def make_setup_state(self, app, options, first_registration=False):
"""Creates an instance of :meth:`~flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState`
object that is later passed to the register callback functions.
Subclasses can override this to return a subclass of the setup state.
"""
return BlueprintSetupState(self, app, options, first_registration)
def register(self, app, options, first_registration=False):
"""Called by :meth:`Flask.register_blueprint` to register all views
and callbacks registered on the blueprint with the application. Creates
a :class:`.BlueprintSetupState` and calls each :meth:`record` callback
with it.
:param app: The application this blueprint is being registered with.
:param options: Keyword arguments forwarded from
:meth:`~Flask.register_blueprint`.
:param first_registration: Whether this is the first time this
blueprint has been registered on the application.
"""
self._got_registered_once = True
state = self.make_setup_state(app, options, first_registration)
if self.has_static_folder:
state.add_url_rule(
self.static_url_path + "/<path:filename>",
view_func=self.send_static_file,
endpoint="static",
)
for deferred in self.deferred_functions:
deferred(state)
cli_resolved_group = options.get("cli_group", self.cli_group)
if not self.cli.commands:
return
if cli_resolved_group is None:
app.cli.commands.update(self.cli.commands)
elif cli_resolved_group is _sentinel:
self.cli.name = self.name
app.cli.add_command(self.cli)
else:
self.cli.name = cli_resolved_group
app.cli.add_command(self.cli)
def route(self, rule, **options):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.route` but for a blueprint. The endpoint for the
:func:`url_for` function is prefixed with the name of the blueprint.
"""
def decorator(f):
endpoint = options.pop("endpoint", f.__name__)
self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options)
return f
return decorator
def add_url_rule(self, rule, endpoint=None, view_func=None, **options):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.add_url_rule` but for a blueprint. The endpoint for
the :func:`url_for` function is prefixed with the name of the blueprint.
"""
if endpoint:
assert "." not in endpoint, "Blueprint endpoints should not contain dots"
if view_func and hasattr(view_func, "__name__"):
assert (
"." not in view_func.__name__
), "Blueprint view function name should not contain dots"
self.record(lambda s: s.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, view_func, **options))
def endpoint(self, endpoint):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.endpoint` but for a blueprint. This does not
prefix the endpoint with the blueprint name, this has to be done
explicitly by the user of this method. If the endpoint is prefixed
with a `.` it will be registered to the current blueprint, otherwise
it's an application independent endpoint.
"""
def decorator(f):
def register_endpoint(state):
state.app.view_functions[endpoint] = f
self.record_once(register_endpoint)
return f
return decorator
def app_template_filter(self, name=None):
"""Register a custom template filter, available application wide. Like
:meth:`Flask.template_filter` but for a blueprint.
:param name: the optional name of the filter, otherwise the
function name will be used.
"""
def decorator(f):
self.add_app_template_filter(f, name=name)
return f
return decorator
def add_app_template_filter(self, f, name=None):
"""Register a custom template filter, available application wide. Like
:meth:`Flask.add_template_filter` but for a blueprint. Works exactly
like the :meth:`app_template_filter` decorator.
:param name: the optional name of the filter, otherwise the
function name will be used.
"""
def register_template(state):
state.app.jinja_env.filters[name or f.__name__] = f
self.record_once(register_template)
def app_template_test(self, name=None):
"""Register a custom template test, available application wide. Like
:meth:`Flask.template_test` but for a blueprint.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
:param name: the optional name of the test, otherwise the
function name will be used.
"""
def decorator(f):
self.add_app_template_test(f, name=name)
return f
return decorator
def add_app_template_test(self, f, name=None):
"""Register a custom template test, available application wide. Like
:meth:`Flask.add_template_test` but for a blueprint. Works exactly
like the :meth:`app_template_test` decorator.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
:param name: the optional name of the test, otherwise the
function name will be used.
"""
def register_template(state):
state.app.jinja_env.tests[name or f.__name__] = f
self.record_once(register_template)
def app_template_global(self, name=None):
"""Register a custom template global, available application wide. Like
:meth:`Flask.template_global` but for a blueprint.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
:param name: the optional name of the global, otherwise the
function name will be used.
"""
def decorator(f):
self.add_app_template_global(f, name=name)
return f
return decorator
def add_app_template_global(self, f, name=None):
"""Register a custom template global, available application wide. Like
:meth:`Flask.add_template_global` but for a blueprint. Works exactly
like the :meth:`app_template_global` decorator.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
:param name: the optional name of the global, otherwise the
function name will be used.
"""
def register_template(state):
state.app.jinja_env.globals[name or f.__name__] = f
self.record_once(register_template)
def before_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.before_request` but for a blueprint. This function
is only executed before each request that is handled by a function of
that blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app.before_request_funcs.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)
)
return f
def before_app_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.before_request`. Such a function is executed
before each request, even if outside of a blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app.before_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
)
return f
def before_app_first_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.before_first_request`. Such a function is
executed before the first request to the application.
"""
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.before_first_request_funcs.append(f))
return f
def after_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.after_request` but for a blueprint. This function
is only executed after each request that is handled by a function of
that blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app.after_request_funcs.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)
)
return f
def after_app_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.after_request` but for a blueprint. Such a function
is executed after each request, even if outside of the blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app.after_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
)
return f
def teardown_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.teardown_request` but for a blueprint. This
function is only executed when tearing down requests handled by a
function of that blueprint. Teardown request functions are executed
when the request context is popped, even when no actual request was
performed.
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app.teardown_request_funcs.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)
)
return f
def teardown_app_request(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.teardown_request` but for a blueprint. Such a
function is executed when tearing down each request, even if outside of
the blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app.teardown_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
)
return f
def context_processor(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.context_processor` but for a blueprint. This
function is only executed for requests handled by a blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app.template_context_processors.setdefault(
self.name, []
).append(f)
)
return f
def app_context_processor(self, f):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.context_processor` but for a blueprint. Such a
function is executed each request, even if outside of the blueprint.
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app.template_context_processors.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
)
return f
def app_errorhandler(self, code):
"""Like :meth:`Flask.errorhandler` but for a blueprint. This
handler is used for all requests, even if outside of the blueprint.
"""
def decorator(f):
self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.errorhandler(code)(f))
return f
return decorator
def url_value_preprocessor(self, f):
"""Registers a function as URL value preprocessor for this
blueprint. It's called before the view functions are called and
can modify the url values provided.
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app.url_value_preprocessors.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)
)
return f
def url_defaults(self, f):
"""Callback function for URL defaults for this blueprint. It's called
with the endpoint and values and should update the values passed
in place.
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app.url_default_functions.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)
)
return f
def app_url_value_preprocessor(self, f):
"""Same as :meth:`url_value_preprocessor` but application wide.
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app.url_value_preprocessors.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
)
return f
def app_url_defaults(self, f):
"""Same as :meth:`url_defaults` but application wide.
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app.url_default_functions.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
)
return f
def errorhandler(self, code_or_exception):
"""Registers an error handler that becomes active for this blueprint
only. Please be aware that routing does not happen local to a
blueprint so an error handler for 404 usually is not handled by
a blueprint unless it is caused inside a view function. Another
special case is the 500 internal server error which is always looked
up from the application.
Otherwise works as the :meth:`~flask.Flask.errorhandler` decorator
of the :class:`~flask.Flask` object.
"""
def decorator(f):
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app._register_error_handler(self.name, code_or_exception, f)
)
return f
return decorator
def register_error_handler(self, code_or_exception, f):
"""Non-decorator version of the :meth:`errorhandler` error attach
function, akin to the :meth:`~flask.Flask.register_error_handler`
application-wide function of the :class:`~flask.Flask` object but
for error handlers limited to this blueprint.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
self.record_once(
lambda s: s.app._register_error_handler(self.name, code_or_exception, f)
)

View file

@ -0,0 +1,971 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.cli
~~~~~~~~~
A simple command line application to run flask apps.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
from __future__ import print_function
import ast
import inspect
import os
import platform
import re
import sys
import traceback
from functools import update_wrapper
from operator import attrgetter
from threading import Lock
from threading import Thread
import click
from werkzeug.utils import import_string
from ._compat import getargspec
from ._compat import itervalues
from ._compat import reraise
from ._compat import text_type
from .globals import current_app
from .helpers import get_debug_flag
from .helpers import get_env
from .helpers import get_load_dotenv
try:
import dotenv
except ImportError:
dotenv = None
try:
import ssl
except ImportError:
ssl = None
class NoAppException(click.UsageError):
"""Raised if an application cannot be found or loaded."""
def find_best_app(script_info, module):
"""Given a module instance this tries to find the best possible
application in the module or raises an exception.
"""
from . import Flask
# Search for the most common names first.
for attr_name in ("app", "application"):
app = getattr(module, attr_name, None)
if isinstance(app, Flask):
return app
# Otherwise find the only object that is a Flask instance.
matches = [v for v in itervalues(module.__dict__) if isinstance(v, Flask)]
if len(matches) == 1:
return matches[0]
elif len(matches) > 1:
raise NoAppException(
'Detected multiple Flask applications in module "{module}". Use '
'"FLASK_APP={module}:name" to specify the correct '
"one.".format(module=module.__name__)
)
# Search for app factory functions.
for attr_name in ("create_app", "make_app"):
app_factory = getattr(module, attr_name, None)
if inspect.isfunction(app_factory):
try:
app = call_factory(script_info, app_factory)
if isinstance(app, Flask):
return app
except TypeError:
if not _called_with_wrong_args(app_factory):
raise
raise NoAppException(
'Detected factory "{factory}" in module "{module}", but '
"could not call it without arguments. Use "
"\"FLASK_APP='{module}:{factory}(args)'\" to specify "
"arguments.".format(factory=attr_name, module=module.__name__)
)
raise NoAppException(
'Failed to find Flask application or factory in module "{module}". '
'Use "FLASK_APP={module}:name to specify one.'.format(module=module.__name__)
)
def call_factory(script_info, app_factory, arguments=()):
"""Takes an app factory, a ``script_info` object and optionally a tuple
of arguments. Checks for the existence of a script_info argument and calls
the app_factory depending on that and the arguments provided.
"""
args_spec = getargspec(app_factory)
arg_names = args_spec.args
arg_defaults = args_spec.defaults
if "script_info" in arg_names:
return app_factory(*arguments, script_info=script_info)
elif arguments:
return app_factory(*arguments)
elif not arguments and len(arg_names) == 1 and arg_defaults is None:
return app_factory(script_info)
return app_factory()
def _called_with_wrong_args(factory):
"""Check whether calling a function raised a ``TypeError`` because
the call failed or because something in the factory raised the
error.
:param factory: the factory function that was called
:return: true if the call failed
"""
tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
try:
while tb is not None:
if tb.tb_frame.f_code is factory.__code__:
# in the factory, it was called successfully
return False
tb = tb.tb_next
# didn't reach the factory
return True
finally:
# explicitly delete tb as it is circular referenced
# https://docs.python.org/2/library/sys.html#sys.exc_info
del tb
def find_app_by_string(script_info, module, app_name):
"""Checks if the given string is a variable name or a function. If it is a
function, it checks for specified arguments and whether it takes a
``script_info`` argument and calls the function with the appropriate
arguments.
"""
from . import Flask
match = re.match(r"^ *([^ ()]+) *(?:\((.*?) *,? *\))? *$", app_name)
if not match:
raise NoAppException(
'"{name}" is not a valid variable name or function '
"expression.".format(name=app_name)
)
name, args = match.groups()
try:
attr = getattr(module, name)
except AttributeError as e:
raise NoAppException(e.args[0])
if inspect.isfunction(attr):
if args:
try:
args = ast.literal_eval("({args},)".format(args=args))
except (ValueError, SyntaxError) as e:
raise NoAppException(
"Could not parse the arguments in "
'"{app_name}".'.format(e=e, app_name=app_name)
)
else:
args = ()
try:
app = call_factory(script_info, attr, args)
except TypeError as e:
if not _called_with_wrong_args(attr):
raise
raise NoAppException(
'{e}\nThe factory "{app_name}" in module "{module}" could not '
"be called with the specified arguments.".format(
e=e, app_name=app_name, module=module.__name__
)
)
else:
app = attr
if isinstance(app, Flask):
return app
raise NoAppException(
"A valid Flask application was not obtained from "
'"{module}:{app_name}".'.format(module=module.__name__, app_name=app_name)
)
def prepare_import(path):
"""Given a filename this will try to calculate the python path, add it
to the search path and return the actual module name that is expected.
"""
path = os.path.realpath(path)
fname, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
if ext == ".py":
path = fname
if os.path.basename(path) == "__init__":
path = os.path.dirname(path)
module_name = []
# move up until outside package structure (no __init__.py)
while True:
path, name = os.path.split(path)
module_name.append(name)
if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, "__init__.py")):
break
if sys.path[0] != path:
sys.path.insert(0, path)
return ".".join(module_name[::-1])
def locate_app(script_info, module_name, app_name, raise_if_not_found=True):
__traceback_hide__ = True # noqa: F841
try:
__import__(module_name)
except ImportError:
# Reraise the ImportError if it occurred within the imported module.
# Determine this by checking whether the trace has a depth > 1.
if sys.exc_info()[-1].tb_next:
raise NoAppException(
'While importing "{name}", an ImportError was raised:'
"\n\n{tb}".format(name=module_name, tb=traceback.format_exc())
)
elif raise_if_not_found:
raise NoAppException('Could not import "{name}".'.format(name=module_name))
else:
return
module = sys.modules[module_name]
if app_name is None:
return find_best_app(script_info, module)
else:
return find_app_by_string(script_info, module, app_name)
def get_version(ctx, param, value):
if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
return
import werkzeug
from . import __version__
message = "Python %(python)s\nFlask %(flask)s\nWerkzeug %(werkzeug)s"
click.echo(
message
% {
"python": platform.python_version(),
"flask": __version__,
"werkzeug": werkzeug.__version__,
},
color=ctx.color,
)
ctx.exit()
version_option = click.Option(
["--version"],
help="Show the flask version",
expose_value=False,
callback=get_version,
is_flag=True,
is_eager=True,
)
class DispatchingApp(object):
"""Special application that dispatches to a Flask application which
is imported by name in a background thread. If an error happens
it is recorded and shown as part of the WSGI handling which in case
of the Werkzeug debugger means that it shows up in the browser.
"""
def __init__(self, loader, use_eager_loading=False):
self.loader = loader
self._app = None
self._lock = Lock()
self._bg_loading_exc_info = None
if use_eager_loading:
self._load_unlocked()
else:
self._load_in_background()
def _load_in_background(self):
def _load_app():
__traceback_hide__ = True # noqa: F841
with self._lock:
try:
self._load_unlocked()
except Exception:
self._bg_loading_exc_info = sys.exc_info()
t = Thread(target=_load_app, args=())
t.start()
def _flush_bg_loading_exception(self):
__traceback_hide__ = True # noqa: F841
exc_info = self._bg_loading_exc_info
if exc_info is not None:
self._bg_loading_exc_info = None
reraise(*exc_info)
def _load_unlocked(self):
__traceback_hide__ = True # noqa: F841
self._app = rv = self.loader()
self._bg_loading_exc_info = None
return rv
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
__traceback_hide__ = True # noqa: F841
if self._app is not None:
return self._app(environ, start_response)
self._flush_bg_loading_exception()
with self._lock:
if self._app is not None:
rv = self._app
else:
rv = self._load_unlocked()
return rv(environ, start_response)
class ScriptInfo(object):
"""Helper object to deal with Flask applications. This is usually not
necessary to interface with as it's used internally in the dispatching
to click. In future versions of Flask this object will most likely play
a bigger role. Typically it's created automatically by the
:class:`FlaskGroup` but you can also manually create it and pass it
onwards as click object.
"""
def __init__(self, app_import_path=None, create_app=None, set_debug_flag=True):
#: Optionally the import path for the Flask application.
self.app_import_path = app_import_path or os.environ.get("FLASK_APP")
#: Optionally a function that is passed the script info to create
#: the instance of the application.
self.create_app = create_app
#: A dictionary with arbitrary data that can be associated with
#: this script info.
self.data = {}
self.set_debug_flag = set_debug_flag
self._loaded_app = None
def load_app(self):
"""Loads the Flask app (if not yet loaded) and returns it. Calling
this multiple times will just result in the already loaded app to
be returned.
"""
__traceback_hide__ = True # noqa: F841
if self._loaded_app is not None:
return self._loaded_app
app = None
if self.create_app is not None:
app = call_factory(self, self.create_app)
else:
if self.app_import_path:
path, name = (
re.split(r":(?![\\/])", self.app_import_path, 1) + [None]
)[:2]
import_name = prepare_import(path)
app = locate_app(self, import_name, name)
else:
for path in ("wsgi.py", "app.py"):
import_name = prepare_import(path)
app = locate_app(self, import_name, None, raise_if_not_found=False)
if app:
break
if not app:
raise NoAppException(
"Could not locate a Flask application. You did not provide "
'the "FLASK_APP" environment variable, and a "wsgi.py" or '
'"app.py" module was not found in the current directory.'
)
if self.set_debug_flag:
# Update the app's debug flag through the descriptor so that
# other values repopulate as well.
app.debug = get_debug_flag()
self._loaded_app = app
return app
pass_script_info = click.make_pass_decorator(ScriptInfo, ensure=True)
def with_appcontext(f):
"""Wraps a callback so that it's guaranteed to be executed with the
script's application context. If callbacks are registered directly
to the ``app.cli`` object then they are wrapped with this function
by default unless it's disabled.
"""
@click.pass_context
def decorator(__ctx, *args, **kwargs):
with __ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo).load_app().app_context():
return __ctx.invoke(f, *args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(decorator, f)
class AppGroup(click.Group):
"""This works similar to a regular click :class:`~click.Group` but it
changes the behavior of the :meth:`command` decorator so that it
automatically wraps the functions in :func:`with_appcontext`.
Not to be confused with :class:`FlaskGroup`.
"""
def command(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""This works exactly like the method of the same name on a regular
:class:`click.Group` but it wraps callbacks in :func:`with_appcontext`
unless it's disabled by passing ``with_appcontext=False``.
"""
wrap_for_ctx = kwargs.pop("with_appcontext", True)
def decorator(f):
if wrap_for_ctx:
f = with_appcontext(f)
return click.Group.command(self, *args, **kwargs)(f)
return decorator
def group(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""This works exactly like the method of the same name on a regular
:class:`click.Group` but it defaults the group class to
:class:`AppGroup`.
"""
kwargs.setdefault("cls", AppGroup)
return click.Group.group(self, *args, **kwargs)
class FlaskGroup(AppGroup):
"""Special subclass of the :class:`AppGroup` group that supports
loading more commands from the configured Flask app. Normally a
developer does not have to interface with this class but there are
some very advanced use cases for which it makes sense to create an
instance of this.
For information as of why this is useful see :ref:`custom-scripts`.
:param add_default_commands: if this is True then the default run and
shell commands will be added.
:param add_version_option: adds the ``--version`` option.
:param create_app: an optional callback that is passed the script info and
returns the loaded app.
:param load_dotenv: Load the nearest :file:`.env` and :file:`.flaskenv`
files to set environment variables. Will also change the working
directory to the directory containing the first file found.
:param set_debug_flag: Set the app's debug flag based on the active
environment
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
If installed, python-dotenv will be used to load environment variables
from :file:`.env` and :file:`.flaskenv` files.
"""
def __init__(
self,
add_default_commands=True,
create_app=None,
add_version_option=True,
load_dotenv=True,
set_debug_flag=True,
**extra
):
params = list(extra.pop("params", None) or ())
if add_version_option:
params.append(version_option)
AppGroup.__init__(self, params=params, **extra)
self.create_app = create_app
self.load_dotenv = load_dotenv
self.set_debug_flag = set_debug_flag
if add_default_commands:
self.add_command(run_command)
self.add_command(shell_command)
self.add_command(routes_command)
self._loaded_plugin_commands = False
def _load_plugin_commands(self):
if self._loaded_plugin_commands:
return
try:
import pkg_resources
except ImportError:
self._loaded_plugin_commands = True
return
for ep in pkg_resources.iter_entry_points("flask.commands"):
self.add_command(ep.load(), ep.name)
self._loaded_plugin_commands = True
def get_command(self, ctx, name):
self._load_plugin_commands()
# We load built-in commands first as these should always be the
# same no matter what the app does. If the app does want to
# override this it needs to make a custom instance of this group
# and not attach the default commands.
#
# This also means that the script stays functional in case the
# application completely fails.
rv = AppGroup.get_command(self, ctx, name)
if rv is not None:
return rv
info = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo)
try:
rv = info.load_app().cli.get_command(ctx, name)
if rv is not None:
return rv
except NoAppException:
pass
def list_commands(self, ctx):
self._load_plugin_commands()
# The commands available is the list of both the application (if
# available) plus the builtin commands.
rv = set(click.Group.list_commands(self, ctx))
info = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo)
try:
rv.update(info.load_app().cli.list_commands(ctx))
except Exception:
# Here we intentionally swallow all exceptions as we don't
# want the help page to break if the app does not exist.
# If someone attempts to use the command we try to create
# the app again and this will give us the error.
# However, we will not do so silently because that would confuse
# users.
traceback.print_exc()
return sorted(rv)
def main(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Set a global flag that indicates that we were invoked from the
# command line interface. This is detected by Flask.run to make the
# call into a no-op. This is necessary to avoid ugly errors when the
# script that is loaded here also attempts to start a server.
os.environ["FLASK_RUN_FROM_CLI"] = "true"
if get_load_dotenv(self.load_dotenv):
load_dotenv()
obj = kwargs.get("obj")
if obj is None:
obj = ScriptInfo(
create_app=self.create_app, set_debug_flag=self.set_debug_flag
)
kwargs["obj"] = obj
kwargs.setdefault("auto_envvar_prefix", "FLASK")
return super(FlaskGroup, self).main(*args, **kwargs)
def _path_is_ancestor(path, other):
"""Take ``other`` and remove the length of ``path`` from it. Then join it
to ``path``. If it is the original value, ``path`` is an ancestor of
``other``."""
return os.path.join(path, other[len(path) :].lstrip(os.sep)) == other
def load_dotenv(path=None):
"""Load "dotenv" files in order of precedence to set environment variables.
If an env var is already set it is not overwritten, so earlier files in the
list are preferred over later files.
Changes the current working directory to the location of the first file
found, with the assumption that it is in the top level project directory
and will be where the Python path should import local packages from.
This is a no-op if `python-dotenv`_ is not installed.
.. _python-dotenv: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv#readme
:param path: Load the file at this location instead of searching.
:return: ``True`` if a file was loaded.
.. versionchanged:: 1.1.0
Returns ``False`` when python-dotenv is not installed, or when
the given path isn't a file.
.. versionadded:: 1.0
"""
if dotenv is None:
if path or os.path.isfile(".env") or os.path.isfile(".flaskenv"):
click.secho(
" * Tip: There are .env or .flaskenv files present."
' Do "pip install python-dotenv" to use them.',
fg="yellow",
err=True,
)
return False
# if the given path specifies the actual file then return True,
# else False
if path is not None:
if os.path.isfile(path):
return dotenv.load_dotenv(path)
return False
new_dir = None
for name in (".env", ".flaskenv"):
path = dotenv.find_dotenv(name, usecwd=True)
if not path:
continue
if new_dir is None:
new_dir = os.path.dirname(path)
dotenv.load_dotenv(path)
if new_dir and os.getcwd() != new_dir:
os.chdir(new_dir)
return new_dir is not None # at least one file was located and loaded
def show_server_banner(env, debug, app_import_path, eager_loading):
"""Show extra startup messages the first time the server is run,
ignoring the reloader.
"""
if os.environ.get("WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN") == "true":
return
if app_import_path is not None:
message = ' * Serving Flask app "{0}"'.format(app_import_path)
if not eager_loading:
message += " (lazy loading)"
click.echo(message)
click.echo(" * Environment: {0}".format(env))
if env == "production":
click.secho(
" WARNING: This is a development server. "
"Do not use it in a production deployment.",
fg="red",
)
click.secho(" Use a production WSGI server instead.", dim=True)
if debug is not None:
click.echo(" * Debug mode: {0}".format("on" if debug else "off"))
class CertParamType(click.ParamType):
"""Click option type for the ``--cert`` option. Allows either an
existing file, the string ``'adhoc'``, or an import for a
:class:`~ssl.SSLContext` object.
"""
name = "path"
def __init__(self):
self.path_type = click.Path(exists=True, dir_okay=False, resolve_path=True)
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
if ssl is None:
raise click.BadParameter(
'Using "--cert" requires Python to be compiled with SSL support.',
ctx,
param,
)
try:
return self.path_type(value, param, ctx)
except click.BadParameter:
value = click.STRING(value, param, ctx).lower()
if value == "adhoc":
try:
import OpenSSL # noqa: F401
except ImportError:
raise click.BadParameter(
"Using ad-hoc certificates requires pyOpenSSL.", ctx, param
)
return value
obj = import_string(value, silent=True)
if sys.version_info < (2, 7, 9):
if obj:
return obj
else:
if isinstance(obj, ssl.SSLContext):
return obj
raise
def _validate_key(ctx, param, value):
"""The ``--key`` option must be specified when ``--cert`` is a file.
Modifies the ``cert`` param to be a ``(cert, key)`` pair if needed.
"""
cert = ctx.params.get("cert")
is_adhoc = cert == "adhoc"
if sys.version_info < (2, 7, 9):
is_context = cert and not isinstance(cert, (text_type, bytes))
else:
is_context = isinstance(cert, ssl.SSLContext)
if value is not None:
if is_adhoc:
raise click.BadParameter(
'When "--cert" is "adhoc", "--key" is not used.', ctx, param
)
if is_context:
raise click.BadParameter(
'When "--cert" is an SSLContext object, "--key is not used.', ctx, param
)
if not cert:
raise click.BadParameter('"--cert" must also be specified.', ctx, param)
ctx.params["cert"] = cert, value
else:
if cert and not (is_adhoc or is_context):
raise click.BadParameter('Required when using "--cert".', ctx, param)
return value
class SeparatedPathType(click.Path):
"""Click option type that accepts a list of values separated by the
OS's path separator (``:``, ``;`` on Windows). Each value is
validated as a :class:`click.Path` type.
"""
def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
items = self.split_envvar_value(value)
super_convert = super(SeparatedPathType, self).convert
return [super_convert(item, param, ctx) for item in items]
@click.command("run", short_help="Run a development server.")
@click.option("--host", "-h", default="127.0.0.1", help="The interface to bind to.")
@click.option("--port", "-p", default=5000, help="The port to bind to.")
@click.option(
"--cert", type=CertParamType(), help="Specify a certificate file to use HTTPS."
)
@click.option(
"--key",
type=click.Path(exists=True, dir_okay=False, resolve_path=True),
callback=_validate_key,
expose_value=False,
help="The key file to use when specifying a certificate.",
)
@click.option(
"--reload/--no-reload",
default=None,
help="Enable or disable the reloader. By default the reloader "
"is active if debug is enabled.",
)
@click.option(
"--debugger/--no-debugger",
default=None,
help="Enable or disable the debugger. By default the debugger "
"is active if debug is enabled.",
)
@click.option(
"--eager-loading/--lazy-loader",
default=None,
help="Enable or disable eager loading. By default eager "
"loading is enabled if the reloader is disabled.",
)
@click.option(
"--with-threads/--without-threads",
default=True,
help="Enable or disable multithreading.",
)
@click.option(
"--extra-files",
default=None,
type=SeparatedPathType(),
help=(
"Extra files that trigger a reload on change. Multiple paths"
" are separated by '{}'.".format(os.path.pathsep)
),
)
@pass_script_info
def run_command(
info, host, port, reload, debugger, eager_loading, with_threads, cert, extra_files
):
"""Run a local development server.
This server is for development purposes only. It does not provide
the stability, security, or performance of production WSGI servers.
The reloader and debugger are enabled by default if
FLASK_ENV=development or FLASK_DEBUG=1.
"""
debug = get_debug_flag()
if reload is None:
reload = debug
if debugger is None:
debugger = debug
if eager_loading is None:
eager_loading = not reload
show_server_banner(get_env(), debug, info.app_import_path, eager_loading)
app = DispatchingApp(info.load_app, use_eager_loading=eager_loading)
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
run_simple(
host,
port,
app,
use_reloader=reload,
use_debugger=debugger,
threaded=with_threads,
ssl_context=cert,
extra_files=extra_files,
)
@click.command("shell", short_help="Run a shell in the app context.")
@with_appcontext
def shell_command():
"""Run an interactive Python shell in the context of a given
Flask application. The application will populate the default
namespace of this shell according to it's configuration.
This is useful for executing small snippets of management code
without having to manually configure the application.
"""
import code
from .globals import _app_ctx_stack
app = _app_ctx_stack.top.app
banner = "Python %s on %s\nApp: %s [%s]\nInstance: %s" % (
sys.version,
sys.platform,
app.import_name,
app.env,
app.instance_path,
)
ctx = {}
# Support the regular Python interpreter startup script if someone
# is using it.
startup = os.environ.get("PYTHONSTARTUP")
if startup and os.path.isfile(startup):
with open(startup, "r") as f:
eval(compile(f.read(), startup, "exec"), ctx)
ctx.update(app.make_shell_context())
code.interact(banner=banner, local=ctx)
@click.command("routes", short_help="Show the routes for the app.")
@click.option(
"--sort",
"-s",
type=click.Choice(("endpoint", "methods", "rule", "match")),
default="endpoint",
help=(
'Method to sort routes by. "match" is the order that Flask will match '
"routes when dispatching a request."
),
)
@click.option("--all-methods", is_flag=True, help="Show HEAD and OPTIONS methods.")
@with_appcontext
def routes_command(sort, all_methods):
"""Show all registered routes with endpoints and methods."""
rules = list(current_app.url_map.iter_rules())
if not rules:
click.echo("No routes were registered.")
return
ignored_methods = set(() if all_methods else ("HEAD", "OPTIONS"))
if sort in ("endpoint", "rule"):
rules = sorted(rules, key=attrgetter(sort))
elif sort == "methods":
rules = sorted(rules, key=lambda rule: sorted(rule.methods))
rule_methods = [", ".join(sorted(rule.methods - ignored_methods)) for rule in rules]
headers = ("Endpoint", "Methods", "Rule")
widths = (
max(len(rule.endpoint) for rule in rules),
max(len(methods) for methods in rule_methods),
max(len(rule.rule) for rule in rules),
)
widths = [max(len(h), w) for h, w in zip(headers, widths)]
row = "{{0:<{0}}} {{1:<{1}}} {{2:<{2}}}".format(*widths)
click.echo(row.format(*headers).strip())
click.echo(row.format(*("-" * width for width in widths)))
for rule, methods in zip(rules, rule_methods):
click.echo(row.format(rule.endpoint, methods, rule.rule).rstrip())
cli = FlaskGroup(
help="""\
A general utility script for Flask applications.
Provides commands from Flask, extensions, and the application. Loads the
application defined in the FLASK_APP environment variable, or from a wsgi.py
file. Setting the FLASK_ENV environment variable to 'development' will enable
debug mode.
\b
{prefix}{cmd} FLASK_APP=hello.py
{prefix}{cmd} FLASK_ENV=development
{prefix}flask run
""".format(
cmd="export" if os.name == "posix" else "set",
prefix="$ " if os.name == "posix" else "> ",
)
)
def main(as_module=False):
# TODO omit sys.argv once https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/536 is fixed
cli.main(args=sys.argv[1:], prog_name="python -m flask" if as_module else None)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main(as_module=True)

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@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.config
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implements the configuration related objects.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
import errno
import os
import types
from werkzeug.utils import import_string
from . import json
from ._compat import iteritems
from ._compat import string_types
class ConfigAttribute(object):
"""Makes an attribute forward to the config"""
def __init__(self, name, get_converter=None):
self.__name__ = name
self.get_converter = get_converter
def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
if obj is None:
return self
rv = obj.config[self.__name__]
if self.get_converter is not None:
rv = self.get_converter(rv)
return rv
def __set__(self, obj, value):
obj.config[self.__name__] = value
class Config(dict):
"""Works exactly like a dict but provides ways to fill it from files
or special dictionaries. There are two common patterns to populate the
config.
Either you can fill the config from a config file::
app.config.from_pyfile('yourconfig.cfg')
Or alternatively you can define the configuration options in the
module that calls :meth:`from_object` or provide an import path to
a module that should be loaded. It is also possible to tell it to
use the same module and with that provide the configuration values
just before the call::
DEBUG = True
SECRET_KEY = 'development key'
app.config.from_object(__name__)
In both cases (loading from any Python file or loading from modules),
only uppercase keys are added to the config. This makes it possible to use
lowercase values in the config file for temporary values that are not added
to the config or to define the config keys in the same file that implements
the application.
Probably the most interesting way to load configurations is from an
environment variable pointing to a file::
app.config.from_envvar('YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS')
In this case before launching the application you have to set this
environment variable to the file you want to use. On Linux and OS X
use the export statement::
export YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS='/path/to/config/file'
On windows use `set` instead.
:param root_path: path to which files are read relative from. When the
config object is created by the application, this is
the application's :attr:`~flask.Flask.root_path`.
:param defaults: an optional dictionary of default values
"""
def __init__(self, root_path, defaults=None):
dict.__init__(self, defaults or {})
self.root_path = root_path
def from_envvar(self, variable_name, silent=False):
"""Loads a configuration from an environment variable pointing to
a configuration file. This is basically just a shortcut with nicer
error messages for this line of code::
app.config.from_pyfile(os.environ['YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS'])
:param variable_name: name of the environment variable
:param silent: set to ``True`` if you want silent failure for missing
files.
:return: bool. ``True`` if able to load config, ``False`` otherwise.
"""
rv = os.environ.get(variable_name)
if not rv:
if silent:
return False
raise RuntimeError(
"The environment variable %r is not set "
"and as such configuration could not be "
"loaded. Set this variable and make it "
"point to a configuration file" % variable_name
)
return self.from_pyfile(rv, silent=silent)
def from_pyfile(self, filename, silent=False):
"""Updates the values in the config from a Python file. This function
behaves as if the file was imported as module with the
:meth:`from_object` function.
:param filename: the filename of the config. This can either be an
absolute filename or a filename relative to the
root path.
:param silent: set to ``True`` if you want silent failure for missing
files.
.. versionadded:: 0.7
`silent` parameter.
"""
filename = os.path.join(self.root_path, filename)
d = types.ModuleType("config")
d.__file__ = filename
try:
with open(filename, mode="rb") as config_file:
exec(compile(config_file.read(), filename, "exec"), d.__dict__)
except IOError as e:
if silent and e.errno in (errno.ENOENT, errno.EISDIR, errno.ENOTDIR):
return False
e.strerror = "Unable to load configuration file (%s)" % e.strerror
raise
self.from_object(d)
return True
def from_object(self, obj):
"""Updates the values from the given object. An object can be of one
of the following two types:
- a string: in this case the object with that name will be imported
- an actual object reference: that object is used directly
Objects are usually either modules or classes. :meth:`from_object`
loads only the uppercase attributes of the module/class. A ``dict``
object will not work with :meth:`from_object` because the keys of a
``dict`` are not attributes of the ``dict`` class.
Example of module-based configuration::
app.config.from_object('yourapplication.default_config')
from yourapplication import default_config
app.config.from_object(default_config)
Nothing is done to the object before loading. If the object is a
class and has ``@property`` attributes, it needs to be
instantiated before being passed to this method.
You should not use this function to load the actual configuration but
rather configuration defaults. The actual config should be loaded
with :meth:`from_pyfile` and ideally from a location not within the
package because the package might be installed system wide.
See :ref:`config-dev-prod` for an example of class-based configuration
using :meth:`from_object`.
:param obj: an import name or object
"""
if isinstance(obj, string_types):
obj = import_string(obj)
for key in dir(obj):
if key.isupper():
self[key] = getattr(obj, key)
def from_json(self, filename, silent=False):
"""Updates the values in the config from a JSON file. This function
behaves as if the JSON object was a dictionary and passed to the
:meth:`from_mapping` function.
:param filename: the filename of the JSON file. This can either be an
absolute filename or a filename relative to the
root path.
:param silent: set to ``True`` if you want silent failure for missing
files.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
filename = os.path.join(self.root_path, filename)
try:
with open(filename) as json_file:
obj = json.loads(json_file.read())
except IOError as e:
if silent and e.errno in (errno.ENOENT, errno.EISDIR):
return False
e.strerror = "Unable to load configuration file (%s)" % e.strerror
raise
return self.from_mapping(obj)
def from_mapping(self, *mapping, **kwargs):
"""Updates the config like :meth:`update` ignoring items with non-upper
keys.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
mappings = []
if len(mapping) == 1:
if hasattr(mapping[0], "items"):
mappings.append(mapping[0].items())
else:
mappings.append(mapping[0])
elif len(mapping) > 1:
raise TypeError(
"expected at most 1 positional argument, got %d" % len(mapping)
)
mappings.append(kwargs.items())
for mapping in mappings:
for (key, value) in mapping:
if key.isupper():
self[key] = value
return True
def get_namespace(self, namespace, lowercase=True, trim_namespace=True):
"""Returns a dictionary containing a subset of configuration options
that match the specified namespace/prefix. Example usage::
app.config['IMAGE_STORE_TYPE'] = 'fs'
app.config['IMAGE_STORE_PATH'] = '/var/app/images'
app.config['IMAGE_STORE_BASE_URL'] = 'http://img.website.com'
image_store_config = app.config.get_namespace('IMAGE_STORE_')
The resulting dictionary `image_store_config` would look like::
{
'type': 'fs',
'path': '/var/app/images',
'base_url': 'http://img.website.com'
}
This is often useful when configuration options map directly to
keyword arguments in functions or class constructors.
:param namespace: a configuration namespace
:param lowercase: a flag indicating if the keys of the resulting
dictionary should be lowercase
:param trim_namespace: a flag indicating if the keys of the resulting
dictionary should not include the namespace
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
rv = {}
for k, v in iteritems(self):
if not k.startswith(namespace):
continue
if trim_namespace:
key = k[len(namespace) :]
else:
key = k
if lowercase:
key = key.lower()
rv[key] = v
return rv
def __repr__(self):
return "<%s %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, dict.__repr__(self))

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.ctx
~~~~~~~~~
Implements the objects required to keep the context.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
import sys
from functools import update_wrapper
from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException
from ._compat import BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT
from ._compat import reraise
from .globals import _app_ctx_stack
from .globals import _request_ctx_stack
from .signals import appcontext_popped
from .signals import appcontext_pushed
# a singleton sentinel value for parameter defaults
_sentinel = object()
class _AppCtxGlobals(object):
"""A plain object. Used as a namespace for storing data during an
application context.
Creating an app context automatically creates this object, which is
made available as the :data:`g` proxy.
.. describe:: 'key' in g
Check whether an attribute is present.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
.. describe:: iter(g)
Return an iterator over the attribute names.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
"""
def get(self, name, default=None):
"""Get an attribute by name, or a default value. Like
:meth:`dict.get`.
:param name: Name of attribute to get.
:param default: Value to return if the attribute is not present.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
"""
return self.__dict__.get(name, default)
def pop(self, name, default=_sentinel):
"""Get and remove an attribute by name. Like :meth:`dict.pop`.
:param name: Name of attribute to pop.
:param default: Value to return if the attribute is not present,
instead of raise a ``KeyError``.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
if default is _sentinel:
return self.__dict__.pop(name)
else:
return self.__dict__.pop(name, default)
def setdefault(self, name, default=None):
"""Get the value of an attribute if it is present, otherwise
set and return a default value. Like :meth:`dict.setdefault`.
:param name: Name of attribute to get.
:param: default: Value to set and return if the attribute is not
present.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
return self.__dict__.setdefault(name, default)
def __contains__(self, item):
return item in self.__dict__
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self.__dict__)
def __repr__(self):
top = _app_ctx_stack.top
if top is not None:
return "<flask.g of %r>" % top.app.name
return object.__repr__(self)
def after_this_request(f):
"""Executes a function after this request. This is useful to modify
response objects. The function is passed the response object and has
to return the same or a new one.
Example::
@app.route('/')
def index():
@after_this_request
def add_header(response):
response.headers['X-Foo'] = 'Parachute'
return response
return 'Hello World!'
This is more useful if a function other than the view function wants to
modify a response. For instance think of a decorator that wants to add
some headers without converting the return value into a response object.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
"""
_request_ctx_stack.top._after_request_functions.append(f)
return f
def copy_current_request_context(f):
"""A helper function that decorates a function to retain the current
request context. This is useful when working with greenlets. The moment
the function is decorated a copy of the request context is created and
then pushed when the function is called. The current session is also
included in the copied request context.
Example::
import gevent
from flask import copy_current_request_context
@app.route('/')
def index():
@copy_current_request_context
def do_some_work():
# do some work here, it can access flask.request or
# flask.session like you would otherwise in the view function.
...
gevent.spawn(do_some_work)
return 'Regular response'
.. versionadded:: 0.10
"""
top = _request_ctx_stack.top
if top is None:
raise RuntimeError(
"This decorator can only be used at local scopes "
"when a request context is on the stack. For instance within "
"view functions."
)
reqctx = top.copy()
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
with reqctx:
return f(*args, **kwargs)
return update_wrapper(wrapper, f)
def has_request_context():
"""If you have code that wants to test if a request context is there or
not this function can be used. For instance, you may want to take advantage
of request information if the request object is available, but fail
silently if it is unavailable.
::
class User(db.Model):
def __init__(self, username, remote_addr=None):
self.username = username
if remote_addr is None and has_request_context():
remote_addr = request.remote_addr
self.remote_addr = remote_addr
Alternatively you can also just test any of the context bound objects
(such as :class:`request` or :class:`g`) for truthness::
class User(db.Model):
def __init__(self, username, remote_addr=None):
self.username = username
if remote_addr is None and request:
remote_addr = request.remote_addr
self.remote_addr = remote_addr
.. versionadded:: 0.7
"""
return _request_ctx_stack.top is not None
def has_app_context():
"""Works like :func:`has_request_context` but for the application
context. You can also just do a boolean check on the
:data:`current_app` object instead.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
"""
return _app_ctx_stack.top is not None
class AppContext(object):
"""The application context binds an application object implicitly
to the current thread or greenlet, similar to how the
:class:`RequestContext` binds request information. The application
context is also implicitly created if a request context is created
but the application is not on top of the individual application
context.
"""
def __init__(self, app):
self.app = app
self.url_adapter = app.create_url_adapter(None)
self.g = app.app_ctx_globals_class()
# Like request context, app contexts can be pushed multiple times
# but there a basic "refcount" is enough to track them.
self._refcnt = 0
def push(self):
"""Binds the app context to the current context."""
self._refcnt += 1
if hasattr(sys, "exc_clear"):
sys.exc_clear()
_app_ctx_stack.push(self)
appcontext_pushed.send(self.app)
def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
"""Pops the app context."""
try:
self._refcnt -= 1
if self._refcnt <= 0:
if exc is _sentinel:
exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
self.app.do_teardown_appcontext(exc)
finally:
rv = _app_ctx_stack.pop()
assert rv is self, "Popped wrong app context. (%r instead of %r)" % (rv, self)
appcontext_popped.send(self.app)
def __enter__(self):
self.push()
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.pop(exc_value)
if BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT and exc_type is not None:
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
class RequestContext(object):
"""The request context contains all request relevant information. It is
created at the beginning of the request and pushed to the
`_request_ctx_stack` and removed at the end of it. It will create the
URL adapter and request object for the WSGI environment provided.
Do not attempt to use this class directly, instead use
:meth:`~flask.Flask.test_request_context` and
:meth:`~flask.Flask.request_context` to create this object.
When the request context is popped, it will evaluate all the
functions registered on the application for teardown execution
(:meth:`~flask.Flask.teardown_request`).
The request context is automatically popped at the end of the request
for you. In debug mode the request context is kept around if
exceptions happen so that interactive debuggers have a chance to
introspect the data. With 0.4 this can also be forced for requests
that did not fail and outside of ``DEBUG`` mode. By setting
``'flask._preserve_context'`` to ``True`` on the WSGI environment the
context will not pop itself at the end of the request. This is used by
the :meth:`~flask.Flask.test_client` for example to implement the
deferred cleanup functionality.
You might find this helpful for unittests where you need the
information from the context local around for a little longer. Make
sure to properly :meth:`~werkzeug.LocalStack.pop` the stack yourself in
that situation, otherwise your unittests will leak memory.
"""
def __init__(self, app, environ, request=None, session=None):
self.app = app
if request is None:
request = app.request_class(environ)
self.request = request
self.url_adapter = None
try:
self.url_adapter = app.create_url_adapter(self.request)
except HTTPException as e:
self.request.routing_exception = e
self.flashes = None
self.session = session
# Request contexts can be pushed multiple times and interleaved with
# other request contexts. Now only if the last level is popped we
# get rid of them. Additionally if an application context is missing
# one is created implicitly so for each level we add this information
self._implicit_app_ctx_stack = []
# indicator if the context was preserved. Next time another context
# is pushed the preserved context is popped.
self.preserved = False
# remembers the exception for pop if there is one in case the context
# preservation kicks in.
self._preserved_exc = None
# Functions that should be executed after the request on the response
# object. These will be called before the regular "after_request"
# functions.
self._after_request_functions = []
@property
def g(self):
return _app_ctx_stack.top.g
@g.setter
def g(self, value):
_app_ctx_stack.top.g = value
def copy(self):
"""Creates a copy of this request context with the same request object.
This can be used to move a request context to a different greenlet.
Because the actual request object is the same this cannot be used to
move a request context to a different thread unless access to the
request object is locked.
.. versionadded:: 0.10
.. versionchanged:: 1.1
The current session object is used instead of reloading the original
data. This prevents `flask.session` pointing to an out-of-date object.
"""
return self.__class__(
self.app,
environ=self.request.environ,
request=self.request,
session=self.session,
)
def match_request(self):
"""Can be overridden by a subclass to hook into the matching
of the request.
"""
try:
result = self.url_adapter.match(return_rule=True)
self.request.url_rule, self.request.view_args = result
except HTTPException as e:
self.request.routing_exception = e
def push(self):
"""Binds the request context to the current context."""
# If an exception occurs in debug mode or if context preservation is
# activated under exception situations exactly one context stays
# on the stack. The rationale is that you want to access that
# information under debug situations. However if someone forgets to
# pop that context again we want to make sure that on the next push
# it's invalidated, otherwise we run at risk that something leaks
# memory. This is usually only a problem in test suite since this
# functionality is not active in production environments.
top = _request_ctx_stack.top
if top is not None and top.preserved:
top.pop(top._preserved_exc)
# Before we push the request context we have to ensure that there
# is an application context.
app_ctx = _app_ctx_stack.top
if app_ctx is None or app_ctx.app != self.app:
app_ctx = self.app.app_context()
app_ctx.push()
self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.append(app_ctx)
else:
self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.append(None)
if hasattr(sys, "exc_clear"):
sys.exc_clear()
_request_ctx_stack.push(self)
# Open the session at the moment that the request context is available.
# This allows a custom open_session method to use the request context.
# Only open a new session if this is the first time the request was
# pushed, otherwise stream_with_context loses the session.
if self.session is None:
session_interface = self.app.session_interface
self.session = session_interface.open_session(self.app, self.request)
if self.session is None:
self.session = session_interface.make_null_session(self.app)
if self.url_adapter is not None:
self.match_request()
def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
"""Pops the request context and unbinds it by doing that. This will
also trigger the execution of functions registered by the
:meth:`~flask.Flask.teardown_request` decorator.
.. versionchanged:: 0.9
Added the `exc` argument.
"""
app_ctx = self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.pop()
try:
clear_request = False
if not self._implicit_app_ctx_stack:
self.preserved = False
self._preserved_exc = None
if exc is _sentinel:
exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
self.app.do_teardown_request(exc)
# If this interpreter supports clearing the exception information
# we do that now. This will only go into effect on Python 2.x,
# on 3.x it disappears automatically at the end of the exception
# stack.
if hasattr(sys, "exc_clear"):
sys.exc_clear()
request_close = getattr(self.request, "close", None)
if request_close is not None:
request_close()
clear_request = True
finally:
rv = _request_ctx_stack.pop()
# get rid of circular dependencies at the end of the request
# so that we don't require the GC to be active.
if clear_request:
rv.request.environ["werkzeug.request"] = None
# Get rid of the app as well if necessary.
if app_ctx is not None:
app_ctx.pop(exc)
assert rv is self, "Popped wrong request context. (%r instead of %r)" % (
rv,
self,
)
def auto_pop(self, exc):
if self.request.environ.get("flask._preserve_context") or (
exc is not None and self.app.preserve_context_on_exception
):
self.preserved = True
self._preserved_exc = exc
else:
self.pop(exc)
def __enter__(self):
self.push()
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
# do not pop the request stack if we are in debug mode and an
# exception happened. This will allow the debugger to still
# access the request object in the interactive shell. Furthermore
# the context can be force kept alive for the test client.
# See flask.testing for how this works.
self.auto_pop(exc_value)
if BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT and exc_type is not None:
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
def __repr__(self):
return "<%s '%s' [%s] of %s>" % (
self.__class__.__name__,
self.request.url,
self.request.method,
self.app.name,
)

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.debughelpers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Various helpers to make the development experience better.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
import os
from warnings import warn
from ._compat import implements_to_string
from ._compat import text_type
from .app import Flask
from .blueprints import Blueprint
from .globals import _request_ctx_stack
class UnexpectedUnicodeError(AssertionError, UnicodeError):
"""Raised in places where we want some better error reporting for
unexpected unicode or binary data.
"""
@implements_to_string
class DebugFilesKeyError(KeyError, AssertionError):
"""Raised from request.files during debugging. The idea is that it can
provide a better error message than just a generic KeyError/BadRequest.
"""
def __init__(self, request, key):
form_matches = request.form.getlist(key)
buf = [
'You tried to access the file "%s" in the request.files '
"dictionary but it does not exist. The mimetype for the request "
'is "%s" instead of "multipart/form-data" which means that no '
"file contents were transmitted. To fix this error you should "
'provide enctype="multipart/form-data" in your form.'
% (key, request.mimetype)
]
if form_matches:
buf.append(
"\n\nThe browser instead transmitted some file names. "
"This was submitted: %s" % ", ".join('"%s"' % x for x in form_matches)
)
self.msg = "".join(buf)
def __str__(self):
return self.msg
class FormDataRoutingRedirect(AssertionError):
"""This exception is raised by Flask in debug mode if it detects a
redirect caused by the routing system when the request method is not
GET, HEAD or OPTIONS. Reasoning: form data will be dropped.
"""
def __init__(self, request):
exc = request.routing_exception
buf = [
"A request was sent to this URL (%s) but a redirect was "
'issued automatically by the routing system to "%s".'
% (request.url, exc.new_url)
]
# In case just a slash was appended we can be extra helpful
if request.base_url + "/" == exc.new_url.split("?")[0]:
buf.append(
" The URL was defined with a trailing slash so "
"Flask will automatically redirect to the URL "
"with the trailing slash if it was accessed "
"without one."
)
buf.append(
" Make sure to directly send your %s-request to this URL "
"since we can't make browsers or HTTP clients redirect "
"with form data reliably or without user interaction." % request.method
)
buf.append("\n\nNote: this exception is only raised in debug mode")
AssertionError.__init__(self, "".join(buf).encode("utf-8"))
def attach_enctype_error_multidict(request):
"""Since Flask 0.8 we're monkeypatching the files object in case a
request is detected that does not use multipart form data but the files
object is accessed.
"""
oldcls = request.files.__class__
class newcls(oldcls):
def __getitem__(self, key):
try:
return oldcls.__getitem__(self, key)
except KeyError:
if key not in request.form:
raise
raise DebugFilesKeyError(request, key)
newcls.__name__ = oldcls.__name__
newcls.__module__ = oldcls.__module__
request.files.__class__ = newcls
def _dump_loader_info(loader):
yield "class: %s.%s" % (type(loader).__module__, type(loader).__name__)
for key, value in sorted(loader.__dict__.items()):
if key.startswith("_"):
continue
if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
if not all(isinstance(x, (str, text_type)) for x in value):
continue
yield "%s:" % key
for item in value:
yield " - %s" % item
continue
elif not isinstance(value, (str, text_type, int, float, bool)):
continue
yield "%s: %r" % (key, value)
def explain_template_loading_attempts(app, template, attempts):
"""This should help developers understand what failed"""
info = ['Locating template "%s":' % template]
total_found = 0
blueprint = None
reqctx = _request_ctx_stack.top
if reqctx is not None and reqctx.request.blueprint is not None:
blueprint = reqctx.request.blueprint
for idx, (loader, srcobj, triple) in enumerate(attempts):
if isinstance(srcobj, Flask):
src_info = 'application "%s"' % srcobj.import_name
elif isinstance(srcobj, Blueprint):
src_info = 'blueprint "%s" (%s)' % (srcobj.name, srcobj.import_name)
else:
src_info = repr(srcobj)
info.append("% 5d: trying loader of %s" % (idx + 1, src_info))
for line in _dump_loader_info(loader):
info.append(" %s" % line)
if triple is None:
detail = "no match"
else:
detail = "found (%r)" % (triple[1] or "<string>")
total_found += 1
info.append(" -> %s" % detail)
seems_fishy = False
if total_found == 0:
info.append("Error: the template could not be found.")
seems_fishy = True
elif total_found > 1:
info.append("Warning: multiple loaders returned a match for the template.")
seems_fishy = True
if blueprint is not None and seems_fishy:
info.append(
" The template was looked up from an endpoint that "
'belongs to the blueprint "%s".' % blueprint
)
info.append(" Maybe you did not place a template in the right folder?")
info.append(" See http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/blueprints/#templates")
app.logger.info("\n".join(info))
def explain_ignored_app_run():
if os.environ.get("WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN") != "true":
warn(
Warning(
"Silently ignoring app.run() because the "
"application is run from the flask command line "
"executable. Consider putting app.run() behind an "
'if __name__ == "__main__" guard to silence this '
"warning."
),
stacklevel=3,
)

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.globals
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Defines all the global objects that are proxies to the current
active context.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
from functools import partial
from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy
from werkzeug.local import LocalStack
_request_ctx_err_msg = """\
Working outside of request context.
This typically means that you attempted to use functionality that needed
an active HTTP request. Consult the documentation on testing for
information about how to avoid this problem.\
"""
_app_ctx_err_msg = """\
Working outside of application context.
This typically means that you attempted to use functionality that needed
to interface with the current application object in some way. To solve
this, set up an application context with app.app_context(). See the
documentation for more information.\
"""
def _lookup_req_object(name):
top = _request_ctx_stack.top
if top is None:
raise RuntimeError(_request_ctx_err_msg)
return getattr(top, name)
def _lookup_app_object(name):
top = _app_ctx_stack.top
if top is None:
raise RuntimeError(_app_ctx_err_msg)
return getattr(top, name)
def _find_app():
top = _app_ctx_stack.top
if top is None:
raise RuntimeError(_app_ctx_err_msg)
return top.app
# context locals
_request_ctx_stack = LocalStack()
_app_ctx_stack = LocalStack()
current_app = LocalProxy(_find_app)
request = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, "request"))
session = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, "session"))
g = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_app_object, "g"))

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.json
~~~~~~~~~~
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
import codecs
import io
import uuid
from datetime import date
from datetime import datetime
from itsdangerous import json as _json
from jinja2 import Markup
from werkzeug.http import http_date
from .._compat import PY2
from .._compat import text_type
from ..globals import current_app
from ..globals import request
try:
import dataclasses
except ImportError:
dataclasses = None
# Figure out if simplejson escapes slashes. This behavior was changed
# from one version to another without reason.
_slash_escape = "\\/" not in _json.dumps("/")
__all__ = [
"dump",
"dumps",
"load",
"loads",
"htmlsafe_dump",
"htmlsafe_dumps",
"JSONDecoder",
"JSONEncoder",
"jsonify",
]
def _wrap_reader_for_text(fp, encoding):
if isinstance(fp.read(0), bytes):
fp = io.TextIOWrapper(io.BufferedReader(fp), encoding)
return fp
def _wrap_writer_for_text(fp, encoding):
try:
fp.write("")
except TypeError:
fp = io.TextIOWrapper(fp, encoding)
return fp
class JSONEncoder(_json.JSONEncoder):
"""The default Flask JSON encoder. This one extends the default
encoder by also supporting ``datetime``, ``UUID``, ``dataclasses``,
and ``Markup`` objects.
``datetime`` objects are serialized as RFC 822 datetime strings.
This is the same as the HTTP date format.
In order to support more data types, override the :meth:`default`
method.
"""
def default(self, o):
"""Implement this method in a subclass such that it returns a
serializable object for ``o``, or calls the base implementation (to
raise a :exc:`TypeError`).
For example, to support arbitrary iterators, you could implement
default like this::
def default(self, o):
try:
iterable = iter(o)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
return list(iterable)
return JSONEncoder.default(self, o)
"""
if isinstance(o, datetime):
return http_date(o.utctimetuple())
if isinstance(o, date):
return http_date(o.timetuple())
if isinstance(o, uuid.UUID):
return str(o)
if dataclasses and dataclasses.is_dataclass(o):
return dataclasses.asdict(o)
if hasattr(o, "__html__"):
return text_type(o.__html__())
return _json.JSONEncoder.default(self, o)
class JSONDecoder(_json.JSONDecoder):
"""The default JSON decoder. This one does not change the behavior from
the default simplejson decoder. Consult the :mod:`json` documentation
for more information. This decoder is not only used for the load
functions of this module but also :attr:`~flask.Request`.
"""
def _dump_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=None):
"""Inject default arguments for dump functions."""
if app is None:
app = current_app
if app:
bp = app.blueprints.get(request.blueprint) if request else None
kwargs.setdefault(
"cls", bp.json_encoder if bp and bp.json_encoder else app.json_encoder
)
if not app.config["JSON_AS_ASCII"]:
kwargs.setdefault("ensure_ascii", False)
kwargs.setdefault("sort_keys", app.config["JSON_SORT_KEYS"])
else:
kwargs.setdefault("sort_keys", True)
kwargs.setdefault("cls", JSONEncoder)
def _load_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=None):
"""Inject default arguments for load functions."""
if app is None:
app = current_app
if app:
bp = app.blueprints.get(request.blueprint) if request else None
kwargs.setdefault(
"cls", bp.json_decoder if bp and bp.json_decoder else app.json_decoder
)
else:
kwargs.setdefault("cls", JSONDecoder)
def detect_encoding(data):
"""Detect which UTF codec was used to encode the given bytes.
The latest JSON standard (:rfc:`8259`) suggests that only UTF-8 is
accepted. Older documents allowed 8, 16, or 32. 16 and 32 can be big
or little endian. Some editors or libraries may prepend a BOM.
:param data: Bytes in unknown UTF encoding.
:return: UTF encoding name
"""
head = data[:4]
if head[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
return "utf-8-sig"
if b"\x00" not in head:
return "utf-8"
if head in (codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE):
return "utf-32"
if head[:2] in (codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE):
return "utf-16"
if len(head) == 4:
if head[:3] == b"\x00\x00\x00":
return "utf-32-be"
if head[::2] == b"\x00\x00":
return "utf-16-be"
if head[1:] == b"\x00\x00\x00":
return "utf-32-le"
if head[1::2] == b"\x00\x00":
return "utf-16-le"
if len(head) == 2:
return "utf-16-be" if head.startswith(b"\x00") else "utf-16-le"
return "utf-8"
def dumps(obj, app=None, **kwargs):
"""Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON-formatted string. If there is an
app context pushed, use the current app's configured encoder
(:attr:`~flask.Flask.json_encoder`), or fall back to the default
:class:`JSONEncoder`.
Takes the same arguments as the built-in :func:`json.dumps`, and
does some extra configuration based on the application. If the
simplejson package is installed, it is preferred.
:param obj: Object to serialize to JSON.
:param app: App instance to use to configure the JSON encoder.
Uses ``current_app`` if not given, and falls back to the default
encoder when not in an app context.
:param kwargs: Extra arguments passed to :func:`json.dumps`.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.3
``app`` can be passed directly, rather than requiring an app
context for configuration.
"""
_dump_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=app)
encoding = kwargs.pop("encoding", None)
rv = _json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
if encoding is not None and isinstance(rv, text_type):
rv = rv.encode(encoding)
return rv
def dump(obj, fp, app=None, **kwargs):
"""Like :func:`dumps` but writes into a file object."""
_dump_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=app)
encoding = kwargs.pop("encoding", None)
if encoding is not None:
fp = _wrap_writer_for_text(fp, encoding)
_json.dump(obj, fp, **kwargs)
def loads(s, app=None, **kwargs):
"""Deserialize an object from a JSON-formatted string ``s``. If
there is an app context pushed, use the current app's configured
decoder (:attr:`~flask.Flask.json_decoder`), or fall back to the
default :class:`JSONDecoder`.
Takes the same arguments as the built-in :func:`json.loads`, and
does some extra configuration based on the application. If the
simplejson package is installed, it is preferred.
:param s: JSON string to deserialize.
:param app: App instance to use to configure the JSON decoder.
Uses ``current_app`` if not given, and falls back to the default
encoder when not in an app context.
:param kwargs: Extra arguments passed to :func:`json.dumps`.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.3
``app`` can be passed directly, rather than requiring an app
context for configuration.
"""
_load_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=app)
if isinstance(s, bytes):
encoding = kwargs.pop("encoding", None)
if encoding is None:
encoding = detect_encoding(s)
s = s.decode(encoding)
return _json.loads(s, **kwargs)
def load(fp, app=None, **kwargs):
"""Like :func:`loads` but reads from a file object."""
_load_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=app)
if not PY2:
fp = _wrap_reader_for_text(fp, kwargs.pop("encoding", None) or "utf-8")
return _json.load(fp, **kwargs)
def htmlsafe_dumps(obj, **kwargs):
"""Works exactly like :func:`dumps` but is safe for use in ``<script>``
tags. It accepts the same arguments and returns a JSON string. Note that
this is available in templates through the ``|tojson`` filter which will
also mark the result as safe. Due to how this function escapes certain
characters this is safe even if used outside of ``<script>`` tags.
The following characters are escaped in strings:
- ``<``
- ``>``
- ``&``
- ``'``
This makes it safe to embed such strings in any place in HTML with the
notable exception of double quoted attributes. In that case single
quote your attributes or HTML escape it in addition.
.. versionchanged:: 0.10
This function's return value is now always safe for HTML usage, even
if outside of script tags or if used in XHTML. This rule does not
hold true when using this function in HTML attributes that are double
quoted. Always single quote attributes if you use the ``|tojson``
filter. Alternatively use ``|tojson|forceescape``.
"""
rv = (
dumps(obj, **kwargs)
.replace(u"<", u"\\u003c")
.replace(u">", u"\\u003e")
.replace(u"&", u"\\u0026")
.replace(u"'", u"\\u0027")
)
if not _slash_escape:
rv = rv.replace("\\/", "/")
return rv
def htmlsafe_dump(obj, fp, **kwargs):
"""Like :func:`htmlsafe_dumps` but writes into a file object."""
fp.write(text_type(htmlsafe_dumps(obj, **kwargs)))
def jsonify(*args, **kwargs):
"""This function wraps :func:`dumps` to add a few enhancements that make
life easier. It turns the JSON output into a :class:`~flask.Response`
object with the :mimetype:`application/json` mimetype. For convenience, it
also converts multiple arguments into an array or multiple keyword arguments
into a dict. This means that both ``jsonify(1,2,3)`` and
``jsonify([1,2,3])`` serialize to ``[1,2,3]``.
For clarity, the JSON serialization behavior has the following differences
from :func:`dumps`:
1. Single argument: Passed straight through to :func:`dumps`.
2. Multiple arguments: Converted to an array before being passed to
:func:`dumps`.
3. Multiple keyword arguments: Converted to a dict before being passed to
:func:`dumps`.
4. Both args and kwargs: Behavior undefined and will throw an exception.
Example usage::
from flask import jsonify
@app.route('/_get_current_user')
def get_current_user():
return jsonify(username=g.user.username,
email=g.user.email,
id=g.user.id)
This will send a JSON response like this to the browser::
{
"username": "admin",
"email": "admin@localhost",
"id": 42
}
.. versionchanged:: 0.11
Added support for serializing top-level arrays. This introduces a
security risk in ancient browsers. See :ref:`json-security` for details.
This function's response will be pretty printed if the
``JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR`` config parameter is set to True or the
Flask app is running in debug mode. Compressed (not pretty) formatting
currently means no indents and no spaces after separators.
.. versionadded:: 0.2
"""
indent = None
separators = (",", ":")
if current_app.config["JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR"] or current_app.debug:
indent = 2
separators = (", ", ": ")
if args and kwargs:
raise TypeError("jsonify() behavior undefined when passed both args and kwargs")
elif len(args) == 1: # single args are passed directly to dumps()
data = args[0]
else:
data = args or kwargs
return current_app.response_class(
dumps(data, indent=indent, separators=separators) + "\n",
mimetype=current_app.config["JSONIFY_MIMETYPE"],
)
def tojson_filter(obj, **kwargs):
return Markup(htmlsafe_dumps(obj, **kwargs))

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Tagged JSON
~~~~~~~~~~~
A compact representation for lossless serialization of non-standard JSON types.
:class:`~flask.sessions.SecureCookieSessionInterface` uses this to serialize
the session data, but it may be useful in other places. It can be extended to
support other types.
.. autoclass:: TaggedJSONSerializer
:members:
.. autoclass:: JSONTag
:members:
Let's seen an example that adds support for :class:`~collections.OrderedDict`.
Dicts don't have an order in Python or JSON, so to handle this we will dump
the items as a list of ``[key, value]`` pairs. Subclass :class:`JSONTag` and
give it the new key ``' od'`` to identify the type. The session serializer
processes dicts first, so insert the new tag at the front of the order since
``OrderedDict`` must be processed before ``dict``. ::
from flask.json.tag import JSONTag
class TagOrderedDict(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ('serializer',)
key = ' od'
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, OrderedDict)
def to_json(self, value):
return [[k, self.serializer.tag(v)] for k, v in iteritems(value)]
def to_python(self, value):
return OrderedDict(value)
app.session_interface.serializer.register(TagOrderedDict, index=0)
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
from base64 import b64decode
from base64 import b64encode
from datetime import datetime
from uuid import UUID
from jinja2 import Markup
from werkzeug.http import http_date
from werkzeug.http import parse_date
from .._compat import iteritems
from .._compat import text_type
from ..json import dumps
from ..json import loads
class JSONTag(object):
"""Base class for defining type tags for :class:`TaggedJSONSerializer`."""
__slots__ = ("serializer",)
#: The tag to mark the serialized object with. If ``None``, this tag is
#: only used as an intermediate step during tagging.
key = None
def __init__(self, serializer):
"""Create a tagger for the given serializer."""
self.serializer = serializer
def check(self, value):
"""Check if the given value should be tagged by this tag."""
raise NotImplementedError
def to_json(self, value):
"""Convert the Python object to an object that is a valid JSON type.
The tag will be added later."""
raise NotImplementedError
def to_python(self, value):
"""Convert the JSON representation back to the correct type. The tag
will already be removed."""
raise NotImplementedError
def tag(self, value):
"""Convert the value to a valid JSON type and add the tag structure
around it."""
return {self.key: self.to_json(value)}
class TagDict(JSONTag):
"""Tag for 1-item dicts whose only key matches a registered tag.
Internally, the dict key is suffixed with `__`, and the suffix is removed
when deserializing.
"""
__slots__ = ()
key = " di"
def check(self, value):
return (
isinstance(value, dict)
and len(value) == 1
and next(iter(value)) in self.serializer.tags
)
def to_json(self, value):
key = next(iter(value))
return {key + "__": self.serializer.tag(value[key])}
def to_python(self, value):
key = next(iter(value))
return {key[:-2]: value[key]}
class PassDict(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, dict)
def to_json(self, value):
# JSON objects may only have string keys, so don't bother tagging the
# key here.
return dict((k, self.serializer.tag(v)) for k, v in iteritems(value))
tag = to_json
class TagTuple(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
key = " t"
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, tuple)
def to_json(self, value):
return [self.serializer.tag(item) for item in value]
def to_python(self, value):
return tuple(value)
class PassList(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, list)
def to_json(self, value):
return [self.serializer.tag(item) for item in value]
tag = to_json
class TagBytes(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
key = " b"
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, bytes)
def to_json(self, value):
return b64encode(value).decode("ascii")
def to_python(self, value):
return b64decode(value)
class TagMarkup(JSONTag):
"""Serialize anything matching the :class:`~flask.Markup` API by
having a ``__html__`` method to the result of that method. Always
deserializes to an instance of :class:`~flask.Markup`."""
__slots__ = ()
key = " m"
def check(self, value):
return callable(getattr(value, "__html__", None))
def to_json(self, value):
return text_type(value.__html__())
def to_python(self, value):
return Markup(value)
class TagUUID(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
key = " u"
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, UUID)
def to_json(self, value):
return value.hex
def to_python(self, value):
return UUID(value)
class TagDateTime(JSONTag):
__slots__ = ()
key = " d"
def check(self, value):
return isinstance(value, datetime)
def to_json(self, value):
return http_date(value)
def to_python(self, value):
return parse_date(value)
class TaggedJSONSerializer(object):
"""Serializer that uses a tag system to compactly represent objects that
are not JSON types. Passed as the intermediate serializer to
:class:`itsdangerous.Serializer`.
The following extra types are supported:
* :class:`dict`
* :class:`tuple`
* :class:`bytes`
* :class:`~flask.Markup`
* :class:`~uuid.UUID`
* :class:`~datetime.datetime`
"""
__slots__ = ("tags", "order")
#: Tag classes to bind when creating the serializer. Other tags can be
#: added later using :meth:`~register`.
default_tags = [
TagDict,
PassDict,
TagTuple,
PassList,
TagBytes,
TagMarkup,
TagUUID,
TagDateTime,
]
def __init__(self):
self.tags = {}
self.order = []
for cls in self.default_tags:
self.register(cls)
def register(self, tag_class, force=False, index=None):
"""Register a new tag with this serializer.
:param tag_class: tag class to register. Will be instantiated with this
serializer instance.
:param force: overwrite an existing tag. If false (default), a
:exc:`KeyError` is raised.
:param index: index to insert the new tag in the tag order. Useful when
the new tag is a special case of an existing tag. If ``None``
(default), the tag is appended to the end of the order.
:raise KeyError: if the tag key is already registered and ``force`` is
not true.
"""
tag = tag_class(self)
key = tag.key
if key is not None:
if not force and key in self.tags:
raise KeyError("Tag '{0}' is already registered.".format(key))
self.tags[key] = tag
if index is None:
self.order.append(tag)
else:
self.order.insert(index, tag)
def tag(self, value):
"""Convert a value to a tagged representation if necessary."""
for tag in self.order:
if tag.check(value):
return tag.tag(value)
return value
def untag(self, value):
"""Convert a tagged representation back to the original type."""
if len(value) != 1:
return value
key = next(iter(value))
if key not in self.tags:
return value
return self.tags[key].to_python(value[key])
def dumps(self, value):
"""Tag the value and dump it to a compact JSON string."""
return dumps(self.tag(value), separators=(",", ":"))
def loads(self, value):
"""Load data from a JSON string and deserialized any tagged objects."""
return loads(value, object_hook=self.untag)

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.logging
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
import logging
import sys
import warnings
from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy
from .globals import request
@LocalProxy
def wsgi_errors_stream():
"""Find the most appropriate error stream for the application. If a request
is active, log to ``wsgi.errors``, otherwise use ``sys.stderr``.
If you configure your own :class:`logging.StreamHandler`, you may want to
use this for the stream. If you are using file or dict configuration and
can't import this directly, you can refer to it as
``ext://flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream``.
"""
return request.environ["wsgi.errors"] if request else sys.stderr
def has_level_handler(logger):
"""Check if there is a handler in the logging chain that will handle the
given logger's :meth:`effective level <~logging.Logger.getEffectiveLevel>`.
"""
level = logger.getEffectiveLevel()
current = logger
while current:
if any(handler.level <= level for handler in current.handlers):
return True
if not current.propagate:
break
current = current.parent
return False
#: Log messages to :func:`~flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream` with the format
#: ``[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s in %(module)s: %(message)s``.
default_handler = logging.StreamHandler(wsgi_errors_stream)
default_handler.setFormatter(
logging.Formatter("[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s in %(module)s: %(message)s")
)
def _has_config(logger):
"""Decide if a logger has direct configuration applied by checking
its properties against the defaults.
:param logger: The :class:`~logging.Logger` to inspect.
"""
return (
logger.level != logging.NOTSET
or logger.handlers
or logger.filters
or not logger.propagate
)
def create_logger(app):
"""Get the the Flask apps's logger and configure it if needed.
The logger name will be the same as
:attr:`app.import_name <flask.Flask.name>`.
When :attr:`~flask.Flask.debug` is enabled, set the logger level to
:data:`logging.DEBUG` if it is not set.
If there is no handler for the logger's effective level, add a
:class:`~logging.StreamHandler` for
:func:`~flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream` with a basic format.
"""
logger = logging.getLogger(app.name)
# 1.1.0 changes name of logger, warn if config is detected for old
# name and not new name
for old_name in ("flask.app", "flask"):
old_logger = logging.getLogger(old_name)
if _has_config(old_logger) and not _has_config(logger):
warnings.warn(
"'app.logger' is named '{name}' for this application,"
" but configuration was found for '{old_name}', which"
" no longer has an effect. The logging configuration"
" should be moved to '{name}'.".format(name=app.name, old_name=old_name)
)
break
if app.debug and not logger.level:
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
if not has_level_handler(logger):
logger.addHandler(default_handler)
return logger

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.sessions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implements cookie based sessions based on itsdangerous.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
import hashlib
import warnings
from datetime import datetime
from itsdangerous import BadSignature
from itsdangerous import URLSafeTimedSerializer
from werkzeug.datastructures import CallbackDict
from ._compat import collections_abc
from .helpers import is_ip
from .helpers import total_seconds
from .json.tag import TaggedJSONSerializer
class SessionMixin(collections_abc.MutableMapping):
"""Expands a basic dictionary with session attributes."""
@property
def permanent(self):
"""This reflects the ``'_permanent'`` key in the dict."""
return self.get("_permanent", False)
@permanent.setter
def permanent(self, value):
self["_permanent"] = bool(value)
#: Some implementations can detect whether a session is newly
#: created, but that is not guaranteed. Use with caution. The mixin
# default is hard-coded ``False``.
new = False
#: Some implementations can detect changes to the session and set
#: this when that happens. The mixin default is hard coded to
#: ``True``.
modified = True
#: Some implementations can detect when session data is read or
#: written and set this when that happens. The mixin default is hard
#: coded to ``True``.
accessed = True
class SecureCookieSession(CallbackDict, SessionMixin):
"""Base class for sessions based on signed cookies.
This session backend will set the :attr:`modified` and
:attr:`accessed` attributes. It cannot reliably track whether a
session is new (vs. empty), so :attr:`new` remains hard coded to
``False``.
"""
#: When data is changed, this is set to ``True``. Only the session
#: dictionary itself is tracked; if the session contains mutable
#: data (for example a nested dict) then this must be set to
#: ``True`` manually when modifying that data. The session cookie
#: will only be written to the response if this is ``True``.
modified = False
#: When data is read or written, this is set to ``True``. Used by
# :class:`.SecureCookieSessionInterface` to add a ``Vary: Cookie``
#: header, which allows caching proxies to cache different pages for
#: different users.
accessed = False
def __init__(self, initial=None):
def on_update(self):
self.modified = True
self.accessed = True
super(SecureCookieSession, self).__init__(initial, on_update)
def __getitem__(self, key):
self.accessed = True
return super(SecureCookieSession, self).__getitem__(key)
def get(self, key, default=None):
self.accessed = True
return super(SecureCookieSession, self).get(key, default)
def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
self.accessed = True
return super(SecureCookieSession, self).setdefault(key, default)
class NullSession(SecureCookieSession):
"""Class used to generate nicer error messages if sessions are not
available. Will still allow read-only access to the empty session
but fail on setting.
"""
def _fail(self, *args, **kwargs):
raise RuntimeError(
"The session is unavailable because no secret "
"key was set. Set the secret_key on the "
"application to something unique and secret."
)
__setitem__ = __delitem__ = clear = pop = popitem = update = setdefault = _fail
del _fail
class SessionInterface(object):
"""The basic interface you have to implement in order to replace the
default session interface which uses werkzeug's securecookie
implementation. The only methods you have to implement are
:meth:`open_session` and :meth:`save_session`, the others have
useful defaults which you don't need to change.
The session object returned by the :meth:`open_session` method has to
provide a dictionary like interface plus the properties and methods
from the :class:`SessionMixin`. We recommend just subclassing a dict
and adding that mixin::
class Session(dict, SessionMixin):
pass
If :meth:`open_session` returns ``None`` Flask will call into
:meth:`make_null_session` to create a session that acts as replacement
if the session support cannot work because some requirement is not
fulfilled. The default :class:`NullSession` class that is created
will complain that the secret key was not set.
To replace the session interface on an application all you have to do
is to assign :attr:`flask.Flask.session_interface`::
app = Flask(__name__)
app.session_interface = MySessionInterface()
.. versionadded:: 0.8
"""
#: :meth:`make_null_session` will look here for the class that should
#: be created when a null session is requested. Likewise the
#: :meth:`is_null_session` method will perform a typecheck against
#: this type.
null_session_class = NullSession
#: A flag that indicates if the session interface is pickle based.
#: This can be used by Flask extensions to make a decision in regards
#: to how to deal with the session object.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.10
pickle_based = False
def make_null_session(self, app):
"""Creates a null session which acts as a replacement object if the
real session support could not be loaded due to a configuration
error. This mainly aids the user experience because the job of the
null session is to still support lookup without complaining but
modifications are answered with a helpful error message of what
failed.
This creates an instance of :attr:`null_session_class` by default.
"""
return self.null_session_class()
def is_null_session(self, obj):
"""Checks if a given object is a null session. Null sessions are
not asked to be saved.
This checks if the object is an instance of :attr:`null_session_class`
by default.
"""
return isinstance(obj, self.null_session_class)
def get_cookie_domain(self, app):
"""Returns the domain that should be set for the session cookie.
Uses ``SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN`` if it is configured, otherwise
falls back to detecting the domain based on ``SERVER_NAME``.
Once detected (or if not set at all), ``SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN`` is
updated to avoid re-running the logic.
"""
rv = app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN"]
# set explicitly, or cached from SERVER_NAME detection
# if False, return None
if rv is not None:
return rv if rv else None
rv = app.config["SERVER_NAME"]
# server name not set, cache False to return none next time
if not rv:
app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN"] = False
return None
# chop off the port which is usually not supported by browsers
# remove any leading '.' since we'll add that later
rv = rv.rsplit(":", 1)[0].lstrip(".")
if "." not in rv:
# Chrome doesn't allow names without a '.'
# this should only come up with localhost
# hack around this by not setting the name, and show a warning
warnings.warn(
'"{rv}" is not a valid cookie domain, it must contain a ".".'
" Add an entry to your hosts file, for example"
' "{rv}.localdomain", and use that instead.'.format(rv=rv)
)
app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN"] = False
return None
ip = is_ip(rv)
if ip:
warnings.warn(
"The session cookie domain is an IP address. This may not work"
" as intended in some browsers. Add an entry to your hosts"
' file, for example "localhost.localdomain", and use that'
" instead."
)
# if this is not an ip and app is mounted at the root, allow subdomain
# matching by adding a '.' prefix
if self.get_cookie_path(app) == "/" and not ip:
rv = "." + rv
app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN"] = rv
return rv
def get_cookie_path(self, app):
"""Returns the path for which the cookie should be valid. The
default implementation uses the value from the ``SESSION_COOKIE_PATH``
config var if it's set, and falls back to ``APPLICATION_ROOT`` or
uses ``/`` if it's ``None``.
"""
return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_PATH"] or app.config["APPLICATION_ROOT"]
def get_cookie_httponly(self, app):
"""Returns True if the session cookie should be httponly. This
currently just returns the value of the ``SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY``
config var.
"""
return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY"]
def get_cookie_secure(self, app):
"""Returns True if the cookie should be secure. This currently
just returns the value of the ``SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE`` setting.
"""
return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE"]
def get_cookie_samesite(self, app):
"""Return ``'Strict'`` or ``'Lax'`` if the cookie should use the
``SameSite`` attribute. This currently just returns the value of
the :data:`SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE` setting.
"""
return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE"]
def get_expiration_time(self, app, session):
"""A helper method that returns an expiration date for the session
or ``None`` if the session is linked to the browser session. The
default implementation returns now + the permanent session
lifetime configured on the application.
"""
if session.permanent:
return datetime.utcnow() + app.permanent_session_lifetime
def should_set_cookie(self, app, session):
"""Used by session backends to determine if a ``Set-Cookie`` header
should be set for this session cookie for this response. If the session
has been modified, the cookie is set. If the session is permanent and
the ``SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST`` config is true, the cookie is
always set.
This check is usually skipped if the session was deleted.
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
return session.modified or (
session.permanent and app.config["SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST"]
)
def open_session(self, app, request):
"""This method has to be implemented and must either return ``None``
in case the loading failed because of a configuration error or an
instance of a session object which implements a dictionary like
interface + the methods and attributes on :class:`SessionMixin`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def save_session(self, app, session, response):
"""This is called for actual sessions returned by :meth:`open_session`
at the end of the request. This is still called during a request
context so if you absolutely need access to the request you can do
that.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
session_json_serializer = TaggedJSONSerializer()
class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):
"""The default session interface that stores sessions in signed cookies
through the :mod:`itsdangerous` module.
"""
#: the salt that should be applied on top of the secret key for the
#: signing of cookie based sessions.
salt = "cookie-session"
#: the hash function to use for the signature. The default is sha1
digest_method = staticmethod(hashlib.sha1)
#: the name of the itsdangerous supported key derivation. The default
#: is hmac.
key_derivation = "hmac"
#: A python serializer for the payload. The default is a compact
#: JSON derived serializer with support for some extra Python types
#: such as datetime objects or tuples.
serializer = session_json_serializer
session_class = SecureCookieSession
def get_signing_serializer(self, app):
if not app.secret_key:
return None
signer_kwargs = dict(
key_derivation=self.key_derivation, digest_method=self.digest_method
)
return URLSafeTimedSerializer(
app.secret_key,
salt=self.salt,
serializer=self.serializer,
signer_kwargs=signer_kwargs,
)
def open_session(self, app, request):
s = self.get_signing_serializer(app)
if s is None:
return None
val = request.cookies.get(app.session_cookie_name)
if not val:
return self.session_class()
max_age = total_seconds(app.permanent_session_lifetime)
try:
data = s.loads(val, max_age=max_age)
return self.session_class(data)
except BadSignature:
return self.session_class()
def save_session(self, app, session, response):
domain = self.get_cookie_domain(app)
path = self.get_cookie_path(app)
# If the session is modified to be empty, remove the cookie.
# If the session is empty, return without setting the cookie.
if not session:
if session.modified:
response.delete_cookie(
app.session_cookie_name, domain=domain, path=path
)
return
# Add a "Vary: Cookie" header if the session was accessed at all.
if session.accessed:
response.vary.add("Cookie")
if not self.should_set_cookie(app, session):
return
httponly = self.get_cookie_httponly(app)
secure = self.get_cookie_secure(app)
samesite = self.get_cookie_samesite(app)
expires = self.get_expiration_time(app, session)
val = self.get_signing_serializer(app).dumps(dict(session))
response.set_cookie(
app.session_cookie_name,
val,
expires=expires,
httponly=httponly,
domain=domain,
path=path,
secure=secure,
samesite=samesite,
)

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.signals
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implements signals based on blinker if available, otherwise
falls silently back to a noop.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
try:
from blinker import Namespace
signals_available = True
except ImportError:
signals_available = False
class Namespace(object):
def signal(self, name, doc=None):
return _FakeSignal(name, doc)
class _FakeSignal(object):
"""If blinker is unavailable, create a fake class with the same
interface that allows sending of signals but will fail with an
error on anything else. Instead of doing anything on send, it
will just ignore the arguments and do nothing instead.
"""
def __init__(self, name, doc=None):
self.name = name
self.__doc__ = doc
def send(self, *args, **kwargs):
pass
def _fail(self, *args, **kwargs):
raise RuntimeError(
"Signalling support is unavailable because the blinker"
" library is not installed."
)
connect = connect_via = connected_to = temporarily_connected_to = _fail
disconnect = _fail
has_receivers_for = receivers_for = _fail
del _fail
# The namespace for code signals. If you are not Flask code, do
# not put signals in here. Create your own namespace instead.
_signals = Namespace()
# Core signals. For usage examples grep the source code or consult
# the API documentation in docs/api.rst as well as docs/signals.rst
template_rendered = _signals.signal("template-rendered")
before_render_template = _signals.signal("before-render-template")
request_started = _signals.signal("request-started")
request_finished = _signals.signal("request-finished")
request_tearing_down = _signals.signal("request-tearing-down")
got_request_exception = _signals.signal("got-request-exception")
appcontext_tearing_down = _signals.signal("appcontext-tearing-down")
appcontext_pushed = _signals.signal("appcontext-pushed")
appcontext_popped = _signals.signal("appcontext-popped")
message_flashed = _signals.signal("message-flashed")

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.templating
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implements the bridge to Jinja2.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
from jinja2 import BaseLoader
from jinja2 import Environment as BaseEnvironment
from jinja2 import TemplateNotFound
from .globals import _app_ctx_stack
from .globals import _request_ctx_stack
from .signals import before_render_template
from .signals import template_rendered
def _default_template_ctx_processor():
"""Default template context processor. Injects `request`,
`session` and `g`.
"""
reqctx = _request_ctx_stack.top
appctx = _app_ctx_stack.top
rv = {}
if appctx is not None:
rv["g"] = appctx.g
if reqctx is not None:
rv["request"] = reqctx.request
rv["session"] = reqctx.session
return rv
class Environment(BaseEnvironment):
"""Works like a regular Jinja2 environment but has some additional
knowledge of how Flask's blueprint works so that it can prepend the
name of the blueprint to referenced templates if necessary.
"""
def __init__(self, app, **options):
if "loader" not in options:
options["loader"] = app.create_global_jinja_loader()
BaseEnvironment.__init__(self, **options)
self.app = app
class DispatchingJinjaLoader(BaseLoader):
"""A loader that looks for templates in the application and all
the blueprint folders.
"""
def __init__(self, app):
self.app = app
def get_source(self, environment, template):
if self.app.config["EXPLAIN_TEMPLATE_LOADING"]:
return self._get_source_explained(environment, template)
return self._get_source_fast(environment, template)
def _get_source_explained(self, environment, template):
attempts = []
trv = None
for srcobj, loader in self._iter_loaders(template):
try:
rv = loader.get_source(environment, template)
if trv is None:
trv = rv
except TemplateNotFound:
rv = None
attempts.append((loader, srcobj, rv))
from .debughelpers import explain_template_loading_attempts
explain_template_loading_attempts(self.app, template, attempts)
if trv is not None:
return trv
raise TemplateNotFound(template)
def _get_source_fast(self, environment, template):
for _srcobj, loader in self._iter_loaders(template):
try:
return loader.get_source(environment, template)
except TemplateNotFound:
continue
raise TemplateNotFound(template)
def _iter_loaders(self, template):
loader = self.app.jinja_loader
if loader is not None:
yield self.app, loader
for blueprint in self.app.iter_blueprints():
loader = blueprint.jinja_loader
if loader is not None:
yield blueprint, loader
def list_templates(self):
result = set()
loader = self.app.jinja_loader
if loader is not None:
result.update(loader.list_templates())
for blueprint in self.app.iter_blueprints():
loader = blueprint.jinja_loader
if loader is not None:
for template in loader.list_templates():
result.add(template)
return list(result)
def _render(template, context, app):
"""Renders the template and fires the signal"""
before_render_template.send(app, template=template, context=context)
rv = template.render(context)
template_rendered.send(app, template=template, context=context)
return rv
def render_template(template_name_or_list, **context):
"""Renders a template from the template folder with the given
context.
:param template_name_or_list: the name of the template to be
rendered, or an iterable with template names
the first one existing will be rendered
:param context: the variables that should be available in the
context of the template.
"""
ctx = _app_ctx_stack.top
ctx.app.update_template_context(context)
return _render(
ctx.app.jinja_env.get_or_select_template(template_name_or_list),
context,
ctx.app,
)
def render_template_string(source, **context):
"""Renders a template from the given template source string
with the given context. Template variables will be autoescaped.
:param source: the source code of the template to be
rendered
:param context: the variables that should be available in the
context of the template.
"""
ctx = _app_ctx_stack.top
ctx.app.update_template_context(context)
return _render(ctx.app.jinja_env.from_string(source), context, ctx.app)

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.testing
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implements test support helpers. This module is lazily imported
and usually not used in production environments.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
import warnings
from contextlib import contextmanager
import werkzeug.test
from click.testing import CliRunner
from werkzeug.test import Client
from werkzeug.urls import url_parse
from . import _request_ctx_stack
from .cli import ScriptInfo
from .json import dumps as json_dumps
class EnvironBuilder(werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder):
"""An :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`, that takes defaults from the
application.
:param app: The Flask application to configure the environment from.
:param path: URL path being requested.
:param base_url: Base URL where the app is being served, which
``path`` is relative to. If not given, built from
:data:`PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME`, ``subdomain``,
:data:`SERVER_NAME`, and :data:`APPLICATION_ROOT`.
:param subdomain: Subdomain name to append to :data:`SERVER_NAME`.
:param url_scheme: Scheme to use instead of
:data:`PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME`.
:param json: If given, this is serialized as JSON and passed as
``data``. Also defaults ``content_type`` to
``application/json``.
:param args: other positional arguments passed to
:class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.
:param kwargs: other keyword arguments passed to
:class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.
"""
def __init__(
self,
app,
path="/",
base_url=None,
subdomain=None,
url_scheme=None,
*args,
**kwargs
):
assert not (base_url or subdomain or url_scheme) or (
base_url is not None
) != bool(
subdomain or url_scheme
), 'Cannot pass "subdomain" or "url_scheme" with "base_url".'
if base_url is None:
http_host = app.config.get("SERVER_NAME") or "localhost"
app_root = app.config["APPLICATION_ROOT"]
if subdomain:
http_host = "{0}.{1}".format(subdomain, http_host)
if url_scheme is None:
url_scheme = app.config["PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME"]
url = url_parse(path)
base_url = "{scheme}://{netloc}/{path}".format(
scheme=url.scheme or url_scheme,
netloc=url.netloc or http_host,
path=app_root.lstrip("/"),
)
path = url.path
if url.query:
sep = b"?" if isinstance(url.query, bytes) else "?"
path += sep + url.query
self.app = app
super(EnvironBuilder, self).__init__(path, base_url, *args, **kwargs)
def json_dumps(self, obj, **kwargs):
"""Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON-formatted string.
The serialization will be configured according to the config associated
with this EnvironBuilder's ``app``.
"""
kwargs.setdefault("app", self.app)
return json_dumps(obj, **kwargs)
def make_test_environ_builder(*args, **kwargs):
"""Create a :class:`flask.testing.EnvironBuilder`.
.. deprecated: 1.1
Will be removed in 2.0. Construct
``flask.testing.EnvironBuilder`` directly instead.
"""
warnings.warn(
DeprecationWarning(
'"make_test_environ_builder()" is deprecated and will be'
' removed in 2.0. Construct "flask.testing.EnvironBuilder"'
" directly instead."
)
)
return EnvironBuilder(*args, **kwargs)
class FlaskClient(Client):
"""Works like a regular Werkzeug test client but has some knowledge about
how Flask works to defer the cleanup of the request context stack to the
end of a ``with`` body when used in a ``with`` statement. For general
information about how to use this class refer to
:class:`werkzeug.test.Client`.
.. versionchanged:: 0.12
`app.test_client()` includes preset default environment, which can be
set after instantiation of the `app.test_client()` object in
`client.environ_base`.
Basic usage is outlined in the :ref:`testing` chapter.
"""
preserve_context = False
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(FlaskClient, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.environ_base = {
"REMOTE_ADDR": "127.0.0.1",
"HTTP_USER_AGENT": "werkzeug/" + werkzeug.__version__,
}
@contextmanager
def session_transaction(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""When used in combination with a ``with`` statement this opens a
session transaction. This can be used to modify the session that
the test client uses. Once the ``with`` block is left the session is
stored back.
::
with client.session_transaction() as session:
session['value'] = 42
Internally this is implemented by going through a temporary test
request context and since session handling could depend on
request variables this function accepts the same arguments as
:meth:`~flask.Flask.test_request_context` which are directly
passed through.
"""
if self.cookie_jar is None:
raise RuntimeError(
"Session transactions only make sense with cookies enabled."
)
app = self.application
environ_overrides = kwargs.setdefault("environ_overrides", {})
self.cookie_jar.inject_wsgi(environ_overrides)
outer_reqctx = _request_ctx_stack.top
with app.test_request_context(*args, **kwargs) as c:
session_interface = app.session_interface
sess = session_interface.open_session(app, c.request)
if sess is None:
raise RuntimeError(
"Session backend did not open a session. Check the configuration"
)
# Since we have to open a new request context for the session
# handling we want to make sure that we hide out own context
# from the caller. By pushing the original request context
# (or None) on top of this and popping it we get exactly that
# behavior. It's important to not use the push and pop
# methods of the actual request context object since that would
# mean that cleanup handlers are called
_request_ctx_stack.push(outer_reqctx)
try:
yield sess
finally:
_request_ctx_stack.pop()
resp = app.response_class()
if not session_interface.is_null_session(sess):
session_interface.save_session(app, sess, resp)
headers = resp.get_wsgi_headers(c.request.environ)
self.cookie_jar.extract_wsgi(c.request.environ, headers)
def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
as_tuple = kwargs.pop("as_tuple", False)
buffered = kwargs.pop("buffered", False)
follow_redirects = kwargs.pop("follow_redirects", False)
if (
not kwargs
and len(args) == 1
and isinstance(args[0], (werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder, dict))
):
environ = self.environ_base.copy()
if isinstance(args[0], werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder):
environ.update(args[0].get_environ())
else:
environ.update(args[0])
environ["flask._preserve_context"] = self.preserve_context
else:
kwargs.setdefault("environ_overrides", {})[
"flask._preserve_context"
] = self.preserve_context
kwargs.setdefault("environ_base", self.environ_base)
builder = EnvironBuilder(self.application, *args, **kwargs)
try:
environ = builder.get_environ()
finally:
builder.close()
return Client.open(
self,
environ,
as_tuple=as_tuple,
buffered=buffered,
follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
)
def __enter__(self):
if self.preserve_context:
raise RuntimeError("Cannot nest client invocations")
self.preserve_context = True
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.preserve_context = False
# Normally the request context is preserved until the next
# request in the same thread comes. When the client exits we
# want to clean up earlier. Pop request contexts until the stack
# is empty or a non-preserved one is found.
while True:
top = _request_ctx_stack.top
if top is not None and top.preserved:
top.pop()
else:
break
class FlaskCliRunner(CliRunner):
"""A :class:`~click.testing.CliRunner` for testing a Flask app's
CLI commands. Typically created using
:meth:`~flask.Flask.test_cli_runner`. See :ref:`testing-cli`.
"""
def __init__(self, app, **kwargs):
self.app = app
super(FlaskCliRunner, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def invoke(self, cli=None, args=None, **kwargs):
"""Invokes a CLI command in an isolated environment. See
:meth:`CliRunner.invoke <click.testing.CliRunner.invoke>` for
full method documentation. See :ref:`testing-cli` for examples.
If the ``obj`` argument is not given, passes an instance of
:class:`~flask.cli.ScriptInfo` that knows how to load the Flask
app being tested.
:param cli: Command object to invoke. Default is the app's
:attr:`~flask.app.Flask.cli` group.
:param args: List of strings to invoke the command with.
:return: a :class:`~click.testing.Result` object.
"""
if cli is None:
cli = self.app.cli
if "obj" not in kwargs:
kwargs["obj"] = ScriptInfo(create_app=lambda: self.app)
return super(FlaskCliRunner, self).invoke(cli, args, **kwargs)

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.views
~~~~~~~~~~~
This module provides class-based views inspired by the ones in Django.
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
from ._compat import with_metaclass
from .globals import request
http_method_funcs = frozenset(
["get", "post", "head", "options", "delete", "put", "trace", "patch"]
)
class View(object):
"""Alternative way to use view functions. A subclass has to implement
:meth:`dispatch_request` which is called with the view arguments from
the URL routing system. If :attr:`methods` is provided the methods
do not have to be passed to the :meth:`~flask.Flask.add_url_rule`
method explicitly::
class MyView(View):
methods = ['GET']
def dispatch_request(self, name):
return 'Hello %s!' % name
app.add_url_rule('/hello/<name>', view_func=MyView.as_view('myview'))
When you want to decorate a pluggable view you will have to either do that
when the view function is created (by wrapping the return value of
:meth:`as_view`) or you can use the :attr:`decorators` attribute::
class SecretView(View):
methods = ['GET']
decorators = [superuser_required]
def dispatch_request(self):
...
The decorators stored in the decorators list are applied one after another
when the view function is created. Note that you can *not* use the class
based decorators since those would decorate the view class and not the
generated view function!
"""
#: A list of methods this view can handle.
methods = None
#: Setting this disables or force-enables the automatic options handling.
provide_automatic_options = None
#: The canonical way to decorate class-based views is to decorate the
#: return value of as_view(). However since this moves parts of the
#: logic from the class declaration to the place where it's hooked
#: into the routing system.
#:
#: You can place one or more decorators in this list and whenever the
#: view function is created the result is automatically decorated.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.8
decorators = ()
def dispatch_request(self):
"""Subclasses have to override this method to implement the
actual view function code. This method is called with all
the arguments from the URL rule.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
@classmethod
def as_view(cls, name, *class_args, **class_kwargs):
"""Converts the class into an actual view function that can be used
with the routing system. Internally this generates a function on the
fly which will instantiate the :class:`View` on each request and call
the :meth:`dispatch_request` method on it.
The arguments passed to :meth:`as_view` are forwarded to the
constructor of the class.
"""
def view(*args, **kwargs):
self = view.view_class(*class_args, **class_kwargs)
return self.dispatch_request(*args, **kwargs)
if cls.decorators:
view.__name__ = name
view.__module__ = cls.__module__
for decorator in cls.decorators:
view = decorator(view)
# We attach the view class to the view function for two reasons:
# first of all it allows us to easily figure out what class-based
# view this thing came from, secondly it's also used for instantiating
# the view class so you can actually replace it with something else
# for testing purposes and debugging.
view.view_class = cls
view.__name__ = name
view.__doc__ = cls.__doc__
view.__module__ = cls.__module__
view.methods = cls.methods
view.provide_automatic_options = cls.provide_automatic_options
return view
class MethodViewType(type):
"""Metaclass for :class:`MethodView` that determines what methods the view
defines.
"""
def __init__(cls, name, bases, d):
super(MethodViewType, cls).__init__(name, bases, d)
if "methods" not in d:
methods = set()
for base in bases:
if getattr(base, "methods", None):
methods.update(base.methods)
for key in http_method_funcs:
if hasattr(cls, key):
methods.add(key.upper())
# If we have no method at all in there we don't want to add a
# method list. This is for instance the case for the base class
# or another subclass of a base method view that does not introduce
# new methods.
if methods:
cls.methods = methods
class MethodView(with_metaclass(MethodViewType, View)):
"""A class-based view that dispatches request methods to the corresponding
class methods. For example, if you implement a ``get`` method, it will be
used to handle ``GET`` requests. ::
class CounterAPI(MethodView):
def get(self):
return session.get('counter', 0)
def post(self):
session['counter'] = session.get('counter', 0) + 1
return 'OK'
app.add_url_rule('/counter', view_func=CounterAPI.as_view('counter'))
"""
def dispatch_request(self, *args, **kwargs):
meth = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), None)
# If the request method is HEAD and we don't have a handler for it
# retry with GET.
if meth is None and request.method == "HEAD":
meth = getattr(self, "get", None)
assert meth is not None, "Unimplemented method %r" % request.method
return meth(*args, **kwargs)

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
flask.wrappers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implements the WSGI wrappers (request and response).
:copyright: 2010 Pallets
:license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest
from werkzeug.wrappers import Request as RequestBase
from werkzeug.wrappers import Response as ResponseBase
from werkzeug.wrappers.json import JSONMixin as _JSONMixin
from . import json
from .globals import current_app
class JSONMixin(_JSONMixin):
json_module = json
def on_json_loading_failed(self, e):
if current_app and current_app.debug:
raise BadRequest("Failed to decode JSON object: {0}".format(e))
raise BadRequest()
class Request(RequestBase, JSONMixin):
"""The request object used by default in Flask. Remembers the
matched endpoint and view arguments.
It is what ends up as :class:`~flask.request`. If you want to replace
the request object used you can subclass this and set
:attr:`~flask.Flask.request_class` to your subclass.
The request object is a :class:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Request` subclass and
provides all of the attributes Werkzeug defines plus a few Flask
specific ones.
"""
#: The internal URL rule that matched the request. This can be
#: useful to inspect which methods are allowed for the URL from
#: a before/after handler (``request.url_rule.methods``) etc.
#: Though if the request's method was invalid for the URL rule,
#: the valid list is available in ``routing_exception.valid_methods``
#: instead (an attribute of the Werkzeug exception
#: :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.MethodNotAllowed`)
#: because the request was never internally bound.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.6
url_rule = None
#: A dict of view arguments that matched the request. If an exception
#: happened when matching, this will be ``None``.
view_args = None
#: If matching the URL failed, this is the exception that will be
#: raised / was raised as part of the request handling. This is
#: usually a :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.NotFound` exception or
#: something similar.
routing_exception = None
@property
def max_content_length(self):
"""Read-only view of the ``MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH`` config key."""
if current_app:
return current_app.config["MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH"]
@property
def endpoint(self):
"""The endpoint that matched the request. This in combination with
:attr:`view_args` can be used to reconstruct the same or a
modified URL. If an exception happened when matching, this will
be ``None``.
"""
if self.url_rule is not None:
return self.url_rule.endpoint
@property
def blueprint(self):
"""The name of the current blueprint"""
if self.url_rule and "." in self.url_rule.endpoint:
return self.url_rule.endpoint.rsplit(".", 1)[0]
def _load_form_data(self):
RequestBase._load_form_data(self)
# In debug mode we're replacing the files multidict with an ad-hoc
# subclass that raises a different error for key errors.
if (
current_app
and current_app.debug
and self.mimetype != "multipart/form-data"
and not self.files
):
from .debughelpers import attach_enctype_error_multidict
attach_enctype_error_multidict(self)
class Response(ResponseBase, JSONMixin):
"""The response object that is used by default in Flask. Works like the
response object from Werkzeug but is set to have an HTML mimetype by
default. Quite often you don't have to create this object yourself because
:meth:`~flask.Flask.make_response` will take care of that for you.
If you want to replace the response object used you can subclass this and
set :attr:`~flask.Flask.response_class` to your subclass.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
JSON support is added to the response, like the request. This is useful
when testing to get the test client response data as JSON.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
Added :attr:`max_cookie_size`.
"""
default_mimetype = "text/html"
def _get_data_for_json(self, cache):
return self.get_data()
@property
def max_cookie_size(self):
"""Read-only view of the :data:`MAX_COOKIE_SIZE` config key.
See :attr:`~werkzeug.wrappers.BaseResponse.max_cookie_size` in
Werkzeug's docs.
"""
if current_app:
return current_app.config["MAX_COOKIE_SIZE"]
# return Werkzeug's default when not in an app context
return super(Response, self).max_cookie_size

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`BSD 3-Clause <https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause>`_
Copyright © 2011 by the Pallets team.
Some rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
We kindly ask you to use these themes in an unmodified manner only with
Pallets and Pallets-related projects, not for unrelated projects. If you
like the visual style and want to use it for your own projects, please
consider making some larger changes to the themes (such as changing font
faces, sizes, colors or margins).
THIS SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
THIS SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
----
The initial implementation of itsdangerous was inspired by Django's
signing module.
Copyright © Django Software Foundation and individual contributors.
All rights reserved.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: itsdangerous
Version: 1.1.0
Summary: Various helpers to pass data to untrusted environments and back.
Home-page: https://palletsprojects.com/p/itsdangerous/
Author: Armin Ronacher
Author-email: armin.ronacher@active-4.com
Maintainer: Pallets Team
Maintainer-email: contact@palletsprojects.com
License: BSD
Project-URL: Documentation, https://itsdangerous.palletsprojects.com/
Project-URL: Code, https://github.com/pallets/itsdangerous
Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/pallets/itsdangerous/issues
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Requires-Python: >=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*
itsdangerous
============
... so better sign this
Various helpers to pass data to untrusted environments and to get it
back safe and sound. Data is cryptographically signed to ensure that a
token has not been tampered with.
It's possible to customize how data is serialized. Data is compressed as
needed. A timestamp can be added and verified automatically while
loading a token.
Installing
----------
Install and update using `pip`_:
.. code-block:: text
pip install -U itsdangerous
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/quickstart/
A Simple Example
----------------
Here's how you could generate a token for transmitting a user's id and
name between web requests.
.. code-block:: python
from itsdangerous import URLSafeSerializer
auth_s = URLSafeSerializer("secret key", "auth")
token = auth_s.dumps({"id": 5, "name": "itsdangerous"})
print(token)
# eyJpZCI6NSwibmFtZSI6Iml0c2Rhbmdlcm91cyJ9.6YP6T0BaO67XP--9UzTrmurXSmg
data = auth_s.loads(token)
print(data["name"])
# itsdangerous
Donate
------
The Pallets organization develops and supports itsdangerous and other
popular packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and
users, and allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects,
`please donate today`_.
.. _please donate today: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
Links
-----
* Website: https://palletsprojects.com/p/itsdangerous/
* Documentation: https://itsdangerous.palletsprojects.com/
* License: `BSD <https://github.com/pallets/itsdangerous/blob/master/LICENSE.rst>`_
* Releases: https://pypi.org/project/itsdangerous/
* Code: https://github.com/pallets/itsdangerous
* Issue tracker: https://github.com/pallets/itsdangerous/issues
* Test status: https://travis-ci.org/pallets/itsdangerous
* Test coverage: https://codecov.io/gh/pallets/itsdangerous

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itsdangerous-1.1.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
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itsdangerous/__init__.py,sha256=Dr-SkfFdOyiR_WjiqIXnlFpYRMW0XvPBNV5muzE5N_A,708
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itsdangerous/__pycache__/_compat.cpython-37.pyc,,
itsdangerous/__pycache__/_json.cpython-37.pyc,,
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Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: bdist_wheel (0.32.2)
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py2-none-any
Tag: py3-none-any

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itsdangerous

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from ._json import json
from .encoding import base64_decode
from .encoding import base64_encode
from .encoding import want_bytes
from .exc import BadData
from .exc import BadHeader
from .exc import BadPayload
from .exc import BadSignature
from .exc import BadTimeSignature
from .exc import SignatureExpired
from .jws import JSONWebSignatureSerializer
from .jws import TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer
from .serializer import Serializer
from .signer import HMACAlgorithm
from .signer import NoneAlgorithm
from .signer import Signer
from .timed import TimedSerializer
from .timed import TimestampSigner
from .url_safe import URLSafeSerializer
from .url_safe import URLSafeTimedSerializer
__version__ = "1.1.0"

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import decimal
import hmac
import numbers
import sys
PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
if PY2:
from itertools import izip
text_type = unicode # noqa: 821
else:
izip = zip
text_type = str
number_types = (numbers.Real, decimal.Decimal)
def _constant_time_compare(val1, val2):
"""Return ``True`` if the two strings are equal, ``False``
otherwise.
The time taken is independent of the number of characters that
match. Do not use this function for anything else than comparision
with known length targets.
This is should be implemented in C in order to get it completely
right.
This is an alias of :func:`hmac.compare_digest` on Python>=2.7,3.3.
"""
len_eq = len(val1) == len(val2)
if len_eq:
result = 0
left = val1
else:
result = 1
left = val2
for x, y in izip(bytearray(left), bytearray(val2)):
result |= x ^ y
return result == 0
# Starting with 2.7/3.3 the standard library has a c-implementation for
# constant time string compares.
constant_time_compare = getattr(hmac, "compare_digest", _constant_time_compare)

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try:
import simplejson as json
except ImportError:
import json
class _CompactJSON(object):
"""Wrapper around json module that strips whitespace."""
@staticmethod
def loads(payload):
return json.loads(payload)
@staticmethod
def dumps(obj, **kwargs):
kwargs.setdefault("ensure_ascii", False)
kwargs.setdefault("separators", (",", ":"))
return json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)

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import base64
import string
import struct
from ._compat import text_type
from .exc import BadData
def want_bytes(s, encoding="utf-8", errors="strict"):
if isinstance(s, text_type):
s = s.encode(encoding, errors)
return s
def base64_encode(string):
"""Base64 encode a string of bytes or text. The resulting bytes are
safe to use in URLs.
"""
string = want_bytes(string)
return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(string).rstrip(b"=")
def base64_decode(string):
"""Base64 decode a URL-safe string of bytes or text. The result is
bytes.
"""
string = want_bytes(string, encoding="ascii", errors="ignore")
string += b"=" * (-len(string) % 4)
try:
return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(string)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
raise BadData("Invalid base64-encoded data")
# The alphabet used by base64.urlsafe_*
_base64_alphabet = (string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "-_=").encode("ascii")
_int64_struct = struct.Struct(">Q")
_int_to_bytes = _int64_struct.pack
_bytes_to_int = _int64_struct.unpack
def int_to_bytes(num):
return _int_to_bytes(num).lstrip(b"\x00")
def bytes_to_int(bytestr):
return _bytes_to_int(bytestr.rjust(8, b"\x00"))[0]

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from ._compat import PY2
from ._compat import text_type
class BadData(Exception):
"""Raised if bad data of any sort was encountered. This is the base
for all exceptions that itsdangerous defines.
.. versionadded:: 0.15
"""
message = None
def __init__(self, message):
super(BadData, self).__init__(self, message)
self.message = message
def __str__(self):
return text_type(self.message)
if PY2:
__unicode__ = __str__
def __str__(self):
return self.__unicode__().encode("utf-8")
class BadSignature(BadData):
"""Raised if a signature does not match."""
def __init__(self, message, payload=None):
BadData.__init__(self, message)
#: The payload that failed the signature test. In some
#: situations you might still want to inspect this, even if
#: you know it was tampered with.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.14
self.payload = payload
class BadTimeSignature(BadSignature):
"""Raised if a time-based signature is invalid. This is a subclass
of :class:`BadSignature`.
"""
def __init__(self, message, payload=None, date_signed=None):
BadSignature.__init__(self, message, payload)
#: If the signature expired this exposes the date of when the
#: signature was created. This can be helpful in order to
#: tell the user how long a link has been gone stale.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.14
self.date_signed = date_signed
class SignatureExpired(BadTimeSignature):
"""Raised if a signature timestamp is older than ``max_age``. This
is a subclass of :exc:`BadTimeSignature`.
"""
class BadHeader(BadSignature):
"""Raised if a signed header is invalid in some form. This only
happens for serializers that have a header that goes with the
signature.
.. versionadded:: 0.24
"""
def __init__(self, message, payload=None, header=None, original_error=None):
BadSignature.__init__(self, message, payload)
#: If the header is actually available but just malformed it
#: might be stored here.
self.header = header
#: If available, the error that indicates why the payload was
#: not valid. This might be ``None``.
self.original_error = original_error
class BadPayload(BadData):
"""Raised if a payload is invalid. This could happen if the payload
is loaded despite an invalid signature, or if there is a mismatch
between the serializer and deserializer. The original exception
that occurred during loading is stored on as :attr:`original_error`.
.. versionadded:: 0.15
"""
def __init__(self, message, original_error=None):
BadData.__init__(self, message)
#: If available, the error that indicates why the payload was
#: not valid. This might be ``None``.
self.original_error = original_error

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import hashlib
import time
from datetime import datetime
from ._compat import number_types
from ._json import _CompactJSON
from ._json import json
from .encoding import base64_decode
from .encoding import base64_encode
from .encoding import want_bytes
from .exc import BadData
from .exc import BadHeader
from .exc import BadPayload
from .exc import BadSignature
from .exc import SignatureExpired
from .serializer import Serializer
from .signer import HMACAlgorithm
from .signer import NoneAlgorithm
class JSONWebSignatureSerializer(Serializer):
"""This serializer implements JSON Web Signature (JWS) support. Only
supports the JWS Compact Serialization.
"""
jws_algorithms = {
"HS256": HMACAlgorithm(hashlib.sha256),
"HS384": HMACAlgorithm(hashlib.sha384),
"HS512": HMACAlgorithm(hashlib.sha512),
"none": NoneAlgorithm(),
}
#: The default algorithm to use for signature generation
default_algorithm = "HS512"
default_serializer = _CompactJSON
def __init__(
self,
secret_key,
salt=None,
serializer=None,
serializer_kwargs=None,
signer=None,
signer_kwargs=None,
algorithm_name=None,
):
Serializer.__init__(
self,
secret_key=secret_key,
salt=salt,
serializer=serializer,
serializer_kwargs=serializer_kwargs,
signer=signer,
signer_kwargs=signer_kwargs,
)
if algorithm_name is None:
algorithm_name = self.default_algorithm
self.algorithm_name = algorithm_name
self.algorithm = self.make_algorithm(algorithm_name)
def load_payload(self, payload, serializer=None, return_header=False):
payload = want_bytes(payload)
if b"." not in payload:
raise BadPayload('No "." found in value')
base64d_header, base64d_payload = payload.split(b".", 1)
try:
json_header = base64_decode(base64d_header)
except Exception as e:
raise BadHeader(
"Could not base64 decode the header because of an exception",
original_error=e,
)
try:
json_payload = base64_decode(base64d_payload)
except Exception as e:
raise BadPayload(
"Could not base64 decode the payload because of an exception",
original_error=e,
)
try:
header = Serializer.load_payload(self, json_header, serializer=json)
except BadData as e:
raise BadHeader(
"Could not unserialize header because it was malformed",
original_error=e,
)
if not isinstance(header, dict):
raise BadHeader("Header payload is not a JSON object", header=header)
payload = Serializer.load_payload(self, json_payload, serializer=serializer)
if return_header:
return payload, header
return payload
def dump_payload(self, header, obj):
base64d_header = base64_encode(
self.serializer.dumps(header, **self.serializer_kwargs)
)
base64d_payload = base64_encode(
self.serializer.dumps(obj, **self.serializer_kwargs)
)
return base64d_header + b"." + base64d_payload
def make_algorithm(self, algorithm_name):
try:
return self.jws_algorithms[algorithm_name]
except KeyError:
raise NotImplementedError("Algorithm not supported")
def make_signer(self, salt=None, algorithm=None):
if salt is None:
salt = self.salt
key_derivation = "none" if salt is None else None
if algorithm is None:
algorithm = self.algorithm
return self.signer(
self.secret_key,
salt=salt,
sep=".",
key_derivation=key_derivation,
algorithm=algorithm,
)
def make_header(self, header_fields):
header = header_fields.copy() if header_fields else {}
header["alg"] = self.algorithm_name
return header
def dumps(self, obj, salt=None, header_fields=None):
"""Like :meth:`.Serializer.dumps` but creates a JSON Web
Signature. It also allows for specifying additional fields to be
included in the JWS header.
"""
header = self.make_header(header_fields)
signer = self.make_signer(salt, self.algorithm)
return signer.sign(self.dump_payload(header, obj))
def loads(self, s, salt=None, return_header=False):
"""Reverse of :meth:`dumps`. If requested via ``return_header``
it will return a tuple of payload and header.
"""
payload, header = self.load_payload(
self.make_signer(salt, self.algorithm).unsign(want_bytes(s)),
return_header=True,
)
if header.get("alg") != self.algorithm_name:
raise BadHeader("Algorithm mismatch", header=header, payload=payload)
if return_header:
return payload, header
return payload
def loads_unsafe(self, s, salt=None, return_header=False):
kwargs = {"return_header": return_header}
return self._loads_unsafe_impl(s, salt, kwargs, kwargs)
class TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer(JSONWebSignatureSerializer):
"""Works like the regular :class:`JSONWebSignatureSerializer` but
also records the time of the signing and can be used to expire
signatures.
JWS currently does not specify this behavior but it mentions a
possible extension like this in the spec. Expiry date is encoded
into the header similar to what's specified in `draft-ietf-oauth
-json-web-token <http://self-issued.info/docs/draft-ietf-oauth-json
-web-token.html#expDef>`_.
"""
DEFAULT_EXPIRES_IN = 3600
def __init__(self, secret_key, expires_in=None, **kwargs):
JSONWebSignatureSerializer.__init__(self, secret_key, **kwargs)
if expires_in is None:
expires_in = self.DEFAULT_EXPIRES_IN
self.expires_in = expires_in
def make_header(self, header_fields):
header = JSONWebSignatureSerializer.make_header(self, header_fields)
iat = self.now()
exp = iat + self.expires_in
header["iat"] = iat
header["exp"] = exp
return header
def loads(self, s, salt=None, return_header=False):
payload, header = JSONWebSignatureSerializer.loads(
self, s, salt, return_header=True
)
if "exp" not in header:
raise BadSignature("Missing expiry date", payload=payload)
int_date_error = BadHeader("Expiry date is not an IntDate", payload=payload)
try:
header["exp"] = int(header["exp"])
except ValueError:
raise int_date_error
if header["exp"] < 0:
raise int_date_error
if header["exp"] < self.now():
raise SignatureExpired(
"Signature expired",
payload=payload,
date_signed=self.get_issue_date(header),
)
if return_header:
return payload, header
return payload
def get_issue_date(self, header):
rv = header.get("iat")
if isinstance(rv, number_types):
return datetime.utcfromtimestamp(int(rv))
def now(self):
return int(time.time())

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import hashlib
from ._compat import text_type
from ._json import json
from .encoding import want_bytes
from .exc import BadPayload
from .exc import BadSignature
from .signer import Signer
def is_text_serializer(serializer):
"""Checks whether a serializer generates text or binary."""
return isinstance(serializer.dumps({}), text_type)
class Serializer(object):
"""This class provides a serialization interface on top of the
signer. It provides a similar API to json/pickle and other modules
but is structured differently internally. If you want to change the
underlying implementation for parsing and loading you have to
override the :meth:`load_payload` and :meth:`dump_payload`
functions.
This implementation uses simplejson if available for dumping and
loading and will fall back to the standard library's json module if
it's not available.
You do not need to subclass this class in order to switch out or
customize the :class:`.Signer`. You can instead pass a different
class to the constructor as well as keyword arguments as a dict that
should be forwarded.
.. code-block:: python
s = Serializer(signer_kwargs={'key_derivation': 'hmac'})
You may want to upgrade the signing parameters without invalidating
existing signatures that are in use. Fallback signatures can be
given that will be tried if unsigning with the current signer fails.
Fallback signers can be defined by providing a list of
``fallback_signers``. Each item can be one of the following: a
signer class (which is instantiated with ``signer_kwargs``,
``salt``, and ``secret_key``), a tuple
``(signer_class, signer_kwargs)``, or a dict of ``signer_kwargs``.
For example, this is a serializer that signs using SHA-512, but will
unsign using either SHA-512 or SHA1:
.. code-block:: python
s = Serializer(
signer_kwargs={"digest_method": hashlib.sha512},
fallback_signers=[{"digest_method": hashlib.sha1}]
)
.. versionchanged:: 0.14:
The ``signer`` and ``signer_kwargs`` parameters were added to
the constructor.
.. versionchanged:: 1.1.0:
Added support for ``fallback_signers`` and configured a default
SHA-512 fallback. This fallback is for users who used the yanked
1.0.0 release which defaulted to SHA-512.
"""
#: If a serializer module or class is not passed to the constructor
#: this one is picked up. This currently defaults to :mod:`json`.
default_serializer = json
#: The default :class:`Signer` class that is being used by this
#: serializer.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.14
default_signer = Signer
#: The default fallback signers.
default_fallback_signers = [{"digest_method": hashlib.sha512}]
def __init__(
self,
secret_key,
salt=b"itsdangerous",
serializer=None,
serializer_kwargs=None,
signer=None,
signer_kwargs=None,
fallback_signers=None,
):
self.secret_key = want_bytes(secret_key)
self.salt = want_bytes(salt)
if serializer is None:
serializer = self.default_serializer
self.serializer = serializer
self.is_text_serializer = is_text_serializer(serializer)
if signer is None:
signer = self.default_signer
self.signer = signer
self.signer_kwargs = signer_kwargs or {}
if fallback_signers is None:
fallback_signers = list(self.default_fallback_signers or ())
self.fallback_signers = fallback_signers
self.serializer_kwargs = serializer_kwargs or {}
def load_payload(self, payload, serializer=None):
"""Loads the encoded object. This function raises
:class:`.BadPayload` if the payload is not valid. The
``serializer`` parameter can be used to override the serializer
stored on the class. The encoded ``payload`` should always be
bytes.
"""
if serializer is None:
serializer = self.serializer
is_text = self.is_text_serializer
else:
is_text = is_text_serializer(serializer)
try:
if is_text:
payload = payload.decode("utf-8")
return serializer.loads(payload)
except Exception as e:
raise BadPayload(
"Could not load the payload because an exception"
" occurred on unserializing the data.",
original_error=e,
)
def dump_payload(self, obj):
"""Dumps the encoded object. The return value is always bytes.
If the internal serializer returns text, the value will be
encoded as UTF-8.
"""
return want_bytes(self.serializer.dumps(obj, **self.serializer_kwargs))
def make_signer(self, salt=None):
"""Creates a new instance of the signer to be used. The default
implementation uses the :class:`.Signer` base class.
"""
if salt is None:
salt = self.salt
return self.signer(self.secret_key, salt=salt, **self.signer_kwargs)
def iter_unsigners(self, salt=None):
"""Iterates over all signers to be tried for unsigning. Starts
with the configured signer, then constructs each signer
specified in ``fallback_signers``.
"""
if salt is None:
salt = self.salt
yield self.make_signer(salt)
for fallback in self.fallback_signers:
if type(fallback) is dict:
kwargs = fallback
fallback = self.signer
elif type(fallback) is tuple:
fallback, kwargs = fallback
else:
kwargs = self.signer_kwargs
yield fallback(self.secret_key, salt=salt, **kwargs)
def dumps(self, obj, salt=None):
"""Returns a signed string serialized with the internal
serializer. The return value can be either a byte or unicode
string depending on the format of the internal serializer.
"""
payload = want_bytes(self.dump_payload(obj))
rv = self.make_signer(salt).sign(payload)
if self.is_text_serializer:
rv = rv.decode("utf-8")
return rv
def dump(self, obj, f, salt=None):
"""Like :meth:`dumps` but dumps into a file. The file handle has
to be compatible with what the internal serializer expects.
"""
f.write(self.dumps(obj, salt))
def loads(self, s, salt=None):
"""Reverse of :meth:`dumps`. Raises :exc:`.BadSignature` if the
signature validation fails.
"""
s = want_bytes(s)
last_exception = None
for signer in self.iter_unsigners(salt):
try:
return self.load_payload(signer.unsign(s))
except BadSignature as err:
last_exception = err
raise last_exception
def load(self, f, salt=None):
"""Like :meth:`loads` but loads from a file."""
return self.loads(f.read(), salt)
def loads_unsafe(self, s, salt=None):
"""Like :meth:`loads` but without verifying the signature. This
is potentially very dangerous to use depending on how your
serializer works. The return value is ``(signature_valid,
payload)`` instead of just the payload. The first item will be a
boolean that indicates if the signature is valid. This function
never fails.
Use it for debugging only and if you know that your serializer
module is not exploitable (for example, do not use it with a
pickle serializer).
.. versionadded:: 0.15
"""
return self._loads_unsafe_impl(s, salt)
def _loads_unsafe_impl(self, s, salt, load_kwargs=None, load_payload_kwargs=None):
"""Low level helper function to implement :meth:`loads_unsafe`
in serializer subclasses.
"""
try:
return True, self.loads(s, salt=salt, **(load_kwargs or {}))
except BadSignature as e:
if e.payload is None:
return False, None
try:
return (
False,
self.load_payload(e.payload, **(load_payload_kwargs or {})),
)
except BadPayload:
return False, None
def load_unsafe(self, f, *args, **kwargs):
"""Like :meth:`loads_unsafe` but loads from a file.
.. versionadded:: 0.15
"""
return self.loads_unsafe(f.read(), *args, **kwargs)

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import hashlib
import hmac
from ._compat import constant_time_compare
from .encoding import _base64_alphabet
from .encoding import base64_decode
from .encoding import base64_encode
from .encoding import want_bytes
from .exc import BadSignature
class SigningAlgorithm(object):
"""Subclasses must implement :meth:`get_signature` to provide
signature generation functionality.
"""
def get_signature(self, key, value):
"""Returns the signature for the given key and value."""
raise NotImplementedError()
def verify_signature(self, key, value, sig):
"""Verifies the given signature matches the expected
signature.
"""
return constant_time_compare(sig, self.get_signature(key, value))
class NoneAlgorithm(SigningAlgorithm):
"""Provides an algorithm that does not perform any signing and
returns an empty signature.
"""
def get_signature(self, key, value):
return b""
class HMACAlgorithm(SigningAlgorithm):
"""Provides signature generation using HMACs."""
#: The digest method to use with the MAC algorithm. This defaults to
#: SHA1, but can be changed to any other function in the hashlib
#: module.
default_digest_method = staticmethod(hashlib.sha1)
def __init__(self, digest_method=None):
if digest_method is None:
digest_method = self.default_digest_method
self.digest_method = digest_method
def get_signature(self, key, value):
mac = hmac.new(key, msg=value, digestmod=self.digest_method)
return mac.digest()
class Signer(object):
"""This class can sign and unsign bytes, validating the signature
provided.
Salt can be used to namespace the hash, so that a signed string is
only valid for a given namespace. Leaving this at the default value
or re-using a salt value across different parts of your application
where the same signed value in one part can mean something different
in another part is a security risk.
See :ref:`the-salt` for an example of what the salt is doing and how
you can utilize it.
.. versionadded:: 0.14
``key_derivation`` and ``digest_method`` were added as arguments
to the class constructor.
.. versionadded:: 0.18
``algorithm`` was added as an argument to the class constructor.
"""
#: The digest method to use for the signer. This defaults to
#: SHA1 but can be changed to any other function in the hashlib
#: module.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.14
default_digest_method = staticmethod(hashlib.sha1)
#: Controls how the key is derived. The default is Django-style
#: concatenation. Possible values are ``concat``, ``django-concat``
#: and ``hmac``. This is used for deriving a key from the secret key
#: with an added salt.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.14
default_key_derivation = "django-concat"
def __init__(
self,
secret_key,
salt=None,
sep=".",
key_derivation=None,
digest_method=None,
algorithm=None,
):
self.secret_key = want_bytes(secret_key)
self.sep = want_bytes(sep)
if self.sep in _base64_alphabet:
raise ValueError(
"The given separator cannot be used because it may be"
" contained in the signature itself. Alphanumeric"
" characters and `-_=` must not be used."
)
self.salt = "itsdangerous.Signer" if salt is None else salt
if key_derivation is None:
key_derivation = self.default_key_derivation
self.key_derivation = key_derivation
if digest_method is None:
digest_method = self.default_digest_method
self.digest_method = digest_method
if algorithm is None:
algorithm = HMACAlgorithm(self.digest_method)
self.algorithm = algorithm
def derive_key(self):
"""This method is called to derive the key. The default key
derivation choices can be overridden here. Key derivation is not
intended to be used as a security method to make a complex key
out of a short password. Instead you should use large random
secret keys.
"""
salt = want_bytes(self.salt)
if self.key_derivation == "concat":
return self.digest_method(salt + self.secret_key).digest()
elif self.key_derivation == "django-concat":
return self.digest_method(salt + b"signer" + self.secret_key).digest()
elif self.key_derivation == "hmac":
mac = hmac.new(self.secret_key, digestmod=self.digest_method)
mac.update(salt)
return mac.digest()
elif self.key_derivation == "none":
return self.secret_key
else:
raise TypeError("Unknown key derivation method")
def get_signature(self, value):
"""Returns the signature for the given value."""
value = want_bytes(value)
key = self.derive_key()
sig = self.algorithm.get_signature(key, value)
return base64_encode(sig)
def sign(self, value):
"""Signs the given string."""
return want_bytes(value) + want_bytes(self.sep) + self.get_signature(value)
def verify_signature(self, value, sig):
"""Verifies the signature for the given value."""
key = self.derive_key()
try:
sig = base64_decode(sig)
except Exception:
return False
return self.algorithm.verify_signature(key, value, sig)
def unsign(self, signed_value):
"""Unsigns the given string."""
signed_value = want_bytes(signed_value)
sep = want_bytes(self.sep)
if sep not in signed_value:
raise BadSignature("No %r found in value" % self.sep)
value, sig = signed_value.rsplit(sep, 1)
if self.verify_signature(value, sig):
return value
raise BadSignature("Signature %r does not match" % sig, payload=value)
def validate(self, signed_value):
"""Only validates the given signed value. Returns ``True`` if
the signature exists and is valid.
"""
try:
self.unsign(signed_value)
return True
except BadSignature:
return False

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import time
from datetime import datetime
from ._compat import text_type
from .encoding import base64_decode
from .encoding import base64_encode
from .encoding import bytes_to_int
from .encoding import int_to_bytes
from .encoding import want_bytes
from .exc import BadSignature
from .exc import BadTimeSignature
from .exc import SignatureExpired
from .serializer import Serializer
from .signer import Signer
class TimestampSigner(Signer):
"""Works like the regular :class:`.Signer` but also records the time
of the signing and can be used to expire signatures. The
:meth:`unsign` method can raise :exc:`.SignatureExpired` if the
unsigning failed because the signature is expired.
"""
def get_timestamp(self):
"""Returns the current timestamp. The function must return an
integer.
"""
return int(time.time())
def timestamp_to_datetime(self, ts):
"""Used to convert the timestamp from :meth:`get_timestamp` into
a datetime object.
"""
return datetime.utcfromtimestamp(ts)
def sign(self, value):
"""Signs the given string and also attaches time information."""
value = want_bytes(value)
timestamp = base64_encode(int_to_bytes(self.get_timestamp()))
sep = want_bytes(self.sep)
value = value + sep + timestamp
return value + sep + self.get_signature(value)
def unsign(self, value, max_age=None, return_timestamp=False):
"""Works like the regular :meth:`.Signer.unsign` but can also
validate the time. See the base docstring of the class for
the general behavior. If ``return_timestamp`` is ``True`` the
timestamp of the signature will be returned as a naive
:class:`datetime.datetime` object in UTC.
"""
try:
result = Signer.unsign(self, value)
sig_error = None
except BadSignature as e:
sig_error = e
result = e.payload or b""
sep = want_bytes(self.sep)
# If there is no timestamp in the result there is something
# seriously wrong. In case there was a signature error, we raise
# that one directly, otherwise we have a weird situation in
# which we shouldn't have come except someone uses a time-based
# serializer on non-timestamp data, so catch that.
if sep not in result:
if sig_error:
raise sig_error
raise BadTimeSignature("timestamp missing", payload=result)
value, timestamp = result.rsplit(sep, 1)
try:
timestamp = bytes_to_int(base64_decode(timestamp))
except Exception:
timestamp = None
# Signature is *not* okay. Raise a proper error now that we have
# split the value and the timestamp.
if sig_error is not None:
raise BadTimeSignature(
text_type(sig_error), payload=value, date_signed=timestamp
)
# Signature was okay but the timestamp is actually not there or
# malformed. Should not happen, but we handle it anyway.
if timestamp is None:
raise BadTimeSignature("Malformed timestamp", payload=value)
# Check timestamp is not older than max_age
if max_age is not None:
age = self.get_timestamp() - timestamp
if age > max_age:
raise SignatureExpired(
"Signature age %s > %s seconds" % (age, max_age),
payload=value,
date_signed=self.timestamp_to_datetime(timestamp),
)
if return_timestamp:
return value, self.timestamp_to_datetime(timestamp)
return value
def validate(self, signed_value, max_age=None):
"""Only validates the given signed value. Returns ``True`` if
the signature exists and is valid."""
try:
self.unsign(signed_value, max_age=max_age)
return True
except BadSignature:
return False
class TimedSerializer(Serializer):
"""Uses :class:`TimestampSigner` instead of the default
:class:`.Signer`.
"""
default_signer = TimestampSigner
def loads(self, s, max_age=None, return_timestamp=False, salt=None):
"""Reverse of :meth:`dumps`, raises :exc:`.BadSignature` if the
signature validation fails. If a ``max_age`` is provided it will
ensure the signature is not older than that time in seconds. In
case the signature is outdated, :exc:`.SignatureExpired` is
raised. All arguments are forwarded to the signer's
:meth:`~TimestampSigner.unsign` method.
"""
s = want_bytes(s)
last_exception = None
for signer in self.iter_unsigners(salt):
try:
base64d, timestamp = signer.unsign(s, max_age, return_timestamp=True)
payload = self.load_payload(base64d)
if return_timestamp:
return payload, timestamp
return payload
# If we get a signature expired it means we could read the
# signature but it's invalid. In that case we do not want to
# try the next signer.
except SignatureExpired:
raise
except BadSignature as err:
last_exception = err
raise last_exception
def loads_unsafe(self, s, max_age=None, salt=None):
load_kwargs = {"max_age": max_age}
load_payload_kwargs = {}
return self._loads_unsafe_impl(s, salt, load_kwargs, load_payload_kwargs)

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import zlib
from ._json import _CompactJSON
from .encoding import base64_decode
from .encoding import base64_encode
from .exc import BadPayload
from .serializer import Serializer
from .timed import TimedSerializer
class URLSafeSerializerMixin(object):
"""Mixed in with a regular serializer it will attempt to zlib
compress the string to make it shorter if necessary. It will also
base64 encode the string so that it can safely be placed in a URL.
"""
default_serializer = _CompactJSON
def load_payload(self, payload, *args, **kwargs):
decompress = False
if payload.startswith(b"."):
payload = payload[1:]
decompress = True
try:
json = base64_decode(payload)
except Exception as e:
raise BadPayload(
"Could not base64 decode the payload because of an exception",
original_error=e,
)
if decompress:
try:
json = zlib.decompress(json)
except Exception as e:
raise BadPayload(
"Could not zlib decompress the payload before decoding the payload",
original_error=e,
)
return super(URLSafeSerializerMixin, self).load_payload(json, *args, **kwargs)
def dump_payload(self, obj):
json = super(URLSafeSerializerMixin, self).dump_payload(obj)
is_compressed = False
compressed = zlib.compress(json)
if len(compressed) < (len(json) - 1):
json = compressed
is_compressed = True
base64d = base64_encode(json)
if is_compressed:
base64d = b"." + base64d
return base64d
class URLSafeSerializer(URLSafeSerializerMixin, Serializer):
"""Works like :class:`.Serializer` but dumps and loads into a URL
safe string consisting of the upper and lowercase character of the
alphabet as well as ``'_'``, ``'-'`` and ``'.'``.
"""
class URLSafeTimedSerializer(URLSafeSerializerMixin, TimedSerializer):
"""Works like :class:`.TimedSerializer` but dumps and loads into a
URL safe string consisting of the upper and lowercase character of
the alphabet as well as ``'_'``, ``'-'`` and ``'.'``.
"""

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Jinja is a template engine written in pure Python. It provides a
non-XML syntax that supports inline expressions and an optional
sandboxed environment.
"""
from markupsafe import escape
from markupsafe import Markup
from .bccache import BytecodeCache
from .bccache import FileSystemBytecodeCache
from .bccache import MemcachedBytecodeCache
from .environment import Environment
from .environment import Template
from .exceptions import TemplateAssertionError
from .exceptions import TemplateError
from .exceptions import TemplateNotFound
from .exceptions import TemplateRuntimeError
from .exceptions import TemplatesNotFound
from .exceptions import TemplateSyntaxError
from .exceptions import UndefinedError
from .filters import contextfilter
from .filters import environmentfilter
from .filters import evalcontextfilter
from .loaders import BaseLoader
from .loaders import ChoiceLoader
from .loaders import DictLoader
from .loaders import FileSystemLoader
from .loaders import FunctionLoader
from .loaders import ModuleLoader
from .loaders import PackageLoader
from .loaders import PrefixLoader
from .runtime import ChainableUndefined
from .runtime import DebugUndefined
from .runtime import make_logging_undefined
from .runtime import StrictUndefined
from .runtime import Undefined
from .utils import clear_caches
from .utils import contextfunction
from .utils import environmentfunction
from .utils import evalcontextfunction
from .utils import is_undefined
from .utils import select_autoescape
__version__ = "2.11.1"

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@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# flake8: noqa
import marshal
import sys
PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
PYPY = hasattr(sys, "pypy_translation_info")
_identity = lambda x: x
if not PY2:
unichr = chr
range_type = range
text_type = str
string_types = (str,)
integer_types = (int,)
iterkeys = lambda d: iter(d.keys())
itervalues = lambda d: iter(d.values())
iteritems = lambda d: iter(d.items())
import pickle
from io import BytesIO, StringIO
NativeStringIO = StringIO
def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
raise value
ifilter = filter
imap = map
izip = zip
intern = sys.intern
implements_iterator = _identity
implements_to_string = _identity
encode_filename = _identity
marshal_dump = marshal.dump
marshal_load = marshal.load
else:
unichr = unichr
text_type = unicode
range_type = xrange
string_types = (str, unicode)
integer_types = (int, long)
iterkeys = lambda d: d.iterkeys()
itervalues = lambda d: d.itervalues()
iteritems = lambda d: d.iteritems()
import cPickle as pickle
from cStringIO import StringIO as BytesIO, StringIO
NativeStringIO = BytesIO
exec("def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):\n raise tp, value, tb")
from itertools import imap, izip, ifilter
intern = intern
def implements_iterator(cls):
cls.next = cls.__next__
del cls.__next__
return cls
def implements_to_string(cls):
cls.__unicode__ = cls.__str__
cls.__str__ = lambda x: x.__unicode__().encode("utf-8")
return cls
def encode_filename(filename):
if isinstance(filename, unicode):
return filename.encode("utf-8")
return filename
def marshal_dump(code, f):
if isinstance(f, file):
marshal.dump(code, f)
else:
f.write(marshal.dumps(code))
def marshal_load(f):
if isinstance(f, file):
return marshal.load(f)
return marshal.loads(f.read())
def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
"""Create a base class with a metaclass."""
# This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a
# dummy metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces
# itself with the actual metaclass.
class metaclass(type):
def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
return meta(name, bases, d)
return type.__new__(metaclass, "temporary_class", (), {})
try:
from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes as url_quote
except ImportError:
from urllib import quote as url_quote
try:
from collections import abc
except ImportError:
import collections as abc
try:
from os import fspath
except ImportError:
try:
from pathlib import PurePath
except ImportError:
PurePath = None
def fspath(path):
if hasattr(path, "__fspath__"):
return path.__fspath__()
# Python 3.5 doesn't have __fspath__ yet, use str.
if PurePath is not None and isinstance(path, PurePath):
return str(path)
return path

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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
import re
# generated by scripts/generate_identifier_pattern.py
pattern = re.compile(
r"[\w·̀-ͯ·҃-֑҇-ׇֽֿׁׂׅׄؐ-ًؚ-ٰٟۖ-ۜ۟-۪ۤۧۨ-ܑۭܰ-݊ަ-ް߫-߳ࠖ-࠙ࠛ-ࠣࠥ-ࠧࠩ-࡙࠭-࡛ࣔ-ࣣ࣡-ःऺ-़ा-ॏ॑-ॗॢॣঁ-ঃ়া-ৄেৈো-্ৗৢৣਁ-ਃ਼ਾ-ੂੇੈੋ-੍ੑੰੱੵઁ-ઃ઼ા-ૅે-ૉો-્ૢૣଁ-ଃ଼ା-ୄେୈୋ-୍ୖୗୢୣஂா-ூெ-ைொ-்ௗఀ-ఃా-ౄె-ైొ-్ౕౖౢౣಁ-ಃ಼ಾ-ೄೆ-ೈೊ-್ೕೖೢೣഁ-ഃാ-ൄെ-ൈൊ-്ൗൢൣංඃ්ා-ුූෘ-ෟෲෳัิ-ฺ็-๎ັິ-ູົຼ່-ໍ༹༘༙༵༷༾༿ཱ-྄྆྇ྍ-ྗྙ-ྼ࿆ါ-ှၖ-ၙၞ-ၠၢ-ၤၧ-ၭၱ-ၴႂ-ႍႏႚ-ႝ፝-፟ᜒ-᜔ᜲ-᜴ᝒᝓᝲᝳ឴-៓៝᠋-᠍ᢅᢆᢩᤠ-ᤫᤰ-᤻ᨗ-ᨛᩕ-ᩞ᩠-᩿᩼᪰-᪽ᬀ-ᬄ᬴-᭄᭫-᭳ᮀ-ᮂᮡ-ᮭ᯦-᯳ᰤ-᰷᳐-᳔᳒-᳨᳭ᳲ-᳴᳸᳹᷀-᷵᷻-᷿‿⁀⁔⃐-⃥⃜⃡-⃰℘℮⳯-⵿⳱ⷠ-〪ⷿ-゙゚〯꙯ꙴ-꙽ꚞꚟ꛰꛱ꠂ꠆ꠋꠣ-ꠧꢀꢁꢴ-ꣅ꣠-꣱ꤦ-꤭ꥇ-꥓ꦀ-ꦃ꦳-꧀ꧥꨩ-ꨶꩃꩌꩍꩻ-ꩽꪰꪲ-ꪴꪷꪸꪾ꪿꫁ꫫ-ꫯꫵ꫶ꯣ-ꯪ꯬꯭ﬞ︀-️︠-︯︳︴﹍-﹏_𐇽𐋠𐍶-𐍺𐨁-𐨃𐨅𐨆𐨌-𐨏𐨸-𐨿𐨺𐫦𐫥𑀀-𑀂𑀸-𑁆𑁿-𑂂𑂰-𑂺𑄀-𑄂𑄧-𑅳𑄴𑆀-𑆂𑆳-𑇊𑇀-𑇌𑈬-𑈷𑈾𑋟-𑋪𑌀-𑌃𑌼𑌾-𑍄𑍇𑍈𑍋-𑍍𑍗𑍢𑍣𑍦-𑍬𑍰-𑍴𑐵-𑑆𑒰-𑓃𑖯-𑖵𑖸-𑗀𑗜𑗝𑘰-𑙀𑚫-𑚷𑜝-𑜫𑰯-𑰶𑰸-𑰿𑲒-𑲧𑲩-𑲶𖫰-𖫴𖬰-𖬶𖽑-𖽾𖾏-𖾒𛲝𛲞𝅥-𝅩𝅭-𝅲𝅻-𝆂𝆅-𝆋𝆪-𝆭𝉂-𝉄𝨀-𝨶𝨻-𝩬𝩵𝪄𝪛-𝪟𝪡-𝪯𞀀-𞀆𞀈-𞀘𞀛-𞀡𞀣𞀤𞀦-𞣐𞀪-𞣖𞥄-𞥊󠄀-󠇯]+" # noqa: B950
)

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from functools import wraps
from . import filters
from .asyncsupport import auto_aiter
from .asyncsupport import auto_await
async def auto_to_seq(value):
seq = []
if hasattr(value, "__aiter__"):
async for item in value:
seq.append(item)
else:
for item in value:
seq.append(item)
return seq
async def async_select_or_reject(args, kwargs, modfunc, lookup_attr):
seq, func = filters.prepare_select_or_reject(args, kwargs, modfunc, lookup_attr)
if seq:
async for item in auto_aiter(seq):
if func(item):
yield item
def dualfilter(normal_filter, async_filter):
wrap_evalctx = False
if getattr(normal_filter, "environmentfilter", False):
def is_async(args):
return args[0].is_async
wrap_evalctx = False
else:
if not getattr(normal_filter, "evalcontextfilter", False) and not getattr(
normal_filter, "contextfilter", False
):
wrap_evalctx = True
def is_async(args):
return args[0].environment.is_async
@wraps(normal_filter)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
b = is_async(args)
if wrap_evalctx:
args = args[1:]
if b:
return async_filter(*args, **kwargs)
return normal_filter(*args, **kwargs)
if wrap_evalctx:
wrapper.evalcontextfilter = True
wrapper.asyncfiltervariant = True
return wrapper
def asyncfiltervariant(original):
def decorator(f):
return dualfilter(original, f)
return decorator
@asyncfiltervariant(filters.do_first)
async def do_first(environment, seq):
try:
return await auto_aiter(seq).__anext__()
except StopAsyncIteration:
return environment.undefined("No first item, sequence was empty.")
@asyncfiltervariant(filters.do_groupby)
async def do_groupby(environment, value, attribute):
expr = filters.make_attrgetter(environment, attribute)
return [
filters._GroupTuple(key, await auto_to_seq(values))
for key, values in filters.groupby(
sorted(await auto_to_seq(value), key=expr), expr
)
]
@asyncfiltervariant(filters.do_join)
async def do_join(eval_ctx, value, d=u"", attribute=None):
return filters.do_join(eval_ctx, await auto_to_seq(value), d, attribute)
@asyncfiltervariant(filters.do_list)
async def do_list(value):
return await auto_to_seq(value)
@asyncfiltervariant(filters.do_reject)
async def do_reject(*args, **kwargs):
return async_select_or_reject(args, kwargs, lambda x: not x, False)
@asyncfiltervariant(filters.do_rejectattr)
async def do_rejectattr(*args, **kwargs):
return async_select_or_reject(args, kwargs, lambda x: not x, True)
@asyncfiltervariant(filters.do_select)
async def do_select(*args, **kwargs):
return async_select_or_reject(args, kwargs, lambda x: x, False)
@asyncfiltervariant(filters.do_selectattr)
async def do_selectattr(*args, **kwargs):
return async_select_or_reject(args, kwargs, lambda x: x, True)
@asyncfiltervariant(filters.do_map)
async def do_map(*args, **kwargs):
seq, func = filters.prepare_map(args, kwargs)
if seq:
async for item in auto_aiter(seq):
yield await auto_await(func(item))
@asyncfiltervariant(filters.do_sum)
async def do_sum(environment, iterable, attribute=None, start=0):
rv = start
if attribute is not None:
func = filters.make_attrgetter(environment, attribute)
else:
def func(x):
return x
async for item in auto_aiter(iterable):
rv += func(item)
return rv
@asyncfiltervariant(filters.do_slice)
async def do_slice(value, slices, fill_with=None):
return filters.do_slice(await auto_to_seq(value), slices, fill_with)
ASYNC_FILTERS = {
"first": do_first,
"groupby": do_groupby,
"join": do_join,
"list": do_list,
# we intentionally do not support do_last because that would be
# ridiculous
"reject": do_reject,
"rejectattr": do_rejectattr,
"map": do_map,
"select": do_select,
"selectattr": do_selectattr,
"sum": do_sum,
"slice": do_slice,
}

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""The code for async support. Importing this patches Jinja on supported
Python versions.
"""
import asyncio
import inspect
from functools import update_wrapper
from markupsafe import Markup
from .environment import TemplateModule
from .runtime import LoopContext
from .utils import concat
from .utils import internalcode
from .utils import missing
async def concat_async(async_gen):
rv = []
async def collect():
async for event in async_gen:
rv.append(event)
await collect()
return concat(rv)
async def generate_async(self, *args, **kwargs):
vars = dict(*args, **kwargs)
try:
async for event in self.root_render_func(self.new_context(vars)):
yield event
except Exception:
yield self.environment.handle_exception()
def wrap_generate_func(original_generate):
def _convert_generator(self, loop, args, kwargs):
async_gen = self.generate_async(*args, **kwargs)
try:
while 1:
yield loop.run_until_complete(async_gen.__anext__())
except StopAsyncIteration:
pass
def generate(self, *args, **kwargs):
if not self.environment.is_async:
return original_generate(self, *args, **kwargs)
return _convert_generator(self, asyncio.get_event_loop(), args, kwargs)
return update_wrapper(generate, original_generate)
async def render_async(self, *args, **kwargs):
if not self.environment.is_async:
raise RuntimeError("The environment was not created with async mode enabled.")
vars = dict(*args, **kwargs)
ctx = self.new_context(vars)
try:
return await concat_async(self.root_render_func(ctx))
except Exception:
return self.environment.handle_exception()
def wrap_render_func(original_render):
def render(self, *args, **kwargs):
if not self.environment.is_async:
return original_render(self, *args, **kwargs)
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
return loop.run_until_complete(self.render_async(*args, **kwargs))
return update_wrapper(render, original_render)
def wrap_block_reference_call(original_call):
@internalcode
async def async_call(self):
rv = await concat_async(self._stack[self._depth](self._context))
if self._context.eval_ctx.autoescape:
rv = Markup(rv)
return rv
@internalcode
def __call__(self):
if not self._context.environment.is_async:
return original_call(self)
return async_call(self)
return update_wrapper(__call__, original_call)
def wrap_macro_invoke(original_invoke):
@internalcode
async def async_invoke(self, arguments, autoescape):
rv = await self._func(*arguments)
if autoescape:
rv = Markup(rv)
return rv
@internalcode
def _invoke(self, arguments, autoescape):
if not self._environment.is_async:
return original_invoke(self, arguments, autoescape)
return async_invoke(self, arguments, autoescape)
return update_wrapper(_invoke, original_invoke)
@internalcode
async def get_default_module_async(self):
if self._module is not None:
return self._module
self._module = rv = await self.make_module_async()
return rv
def wrap_default_module(original_default_module):
@internalcode
def _get_default_module(self):
if self.environment.is_async:
raise RuntimeError("Template module attribute is unavailable in async mode")
return original_default_module(self)
return _get_default_module
async def make_module_async(self, vars=None, shared=False, locals=None):
context = self.new_context(vars, shared, locals)
body_stream = []
async for item in self.root_render_func(context):
body_stream.append(item)
return TemplateModule(self, context, body_stream)
def patch_template():
from . import Template
Template.generate = wrap_generate_func(Template.generate)
Template.generate_async = update_wrapper(generate_async, Template.generate_async)
Template.render_async = update_wrapper(render_async, Template.render_async)
Template.render = wrap_render_func(Template.render)
Template._get_default_module = wrap_default_module(Template._get_default_module)
Template._get_default_module_async = get_default_module_async
Template.make_module_async = update_wrapper(
make_module_async, Template.make_module_async
)
def patch_runtime():
from .runtime import BlockReference, Macro
BlockReference.__call__ = wrap_block_reference_call(BlockReference.__call__)
Macro._invoke = wrap_macro_invoke(Macro._invoke)
def patch_filters():
from .filters import FILTERS
from .asyncfilters import ASYNC_FILTERS
FILTERS.update(ASYNC_FILTERS)
def patch_all():
patch_template()
patch_runtime()
patch_filters()
async def auto_await(value):
if inspect.isawaitable(value):
return await value
return value
async def auto_aiter(iterable):
if hasattr(iterable, "__aiter__"):
async for item in iterable:
yield item
return
for item in iterable:
yield item
class AsyncLoopContext(LoopContext):
_to_iterator = staticmethod(auto_aiter)
@property
async def length(self):
if self._length is not None:
return self._length
try:
self._length = len(self._iterable)
except TypeError:
iterable = [x async for x in self._iterator]
self._iterator = self._to_iterator(iterable)
self._length = len(iterable) + self.index + (self._after is not missing)
return self._length
@property
async def revindex0(self):
return await self.length - self.index
@property
async def revindex(self):
return await self.length - self.index0
async def _peek_next(self):
if self._after is not missing:
return self._after
try:
self._after = await self._iterator.__anext__()
except StopAsyncIteration:
self._after = missing
return self._after
@property
async def last(self):
return await self._peek_next() is missing
@property
async def nextitem(self):
rv = await self._peek_next()
if rv is missing:
return self._undefined("there is no next item")
return rv
def __aiter__(self):
return self
async def __anext__(self):
if self._after is not missing:
rv = self._after
self._after = missing
else:
rv = await self._iterator.__anext__()
self.index0 += 1
self._before = self._current
self._current = rv
return rv, self
async def make_async_loop_context(iterable, undefined, recurse=None, depth0=0):
import warnings
warnings.warn(
"This template must be recompiled with at least Jinja 2.11, or"
" it will fail in 3.0.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
return AsyncLoopContext(iterable, undefined, recurse, depth0)
patch_all()

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""The optional bytecode cache system. This is useful if you have very
complex template situations and the compilation of all those templates
slows down your application too much.
Situations where this is useful are often forking web applications that
are initialized on the first request.
"""
import errno
import fnmatch
import os
import stat
import sys
import tempfile
from hashlib import sha1
from os import listdir
from os import path
from ._compat import BytesIO
from ._compat import marshal_dump
from ._compat import marshal_load
from ._compat import pickle
from ._compat import text_type
from .utils import open_if_exists
bc_version = 4
# Magic bytes to identify Jinja bytecode cache files. Contains the
# Python major and minor version to avoid loading incompatible bytecode
# if a project upgrades its Python version.
bc_magic = (
b"j2"
+ pickle.dumps(bc_version, 2)
+ pickle.dumps((sys.version_info[0] << 24) | sys.version_info[1], 2)
)
class Bucket(object):
"""Buckets are used to store the bytecode for one template. It's created
and initialized by the bytecode cache and passed to the loading functions.
The buckets get an internal checksum from the cache assigned and use this
to automatically reject outdated cache material. Individual bytecode
cache subclasses don't have to care about cache invalidation.
"""
def __init__(self, environment, key, checksum):
self.environment = environment
self.key = key
self.checksum = checksum
self.reset()
def reset(self):
"""Resets the bucket (unloads the bytecode)."""
self.code = None
def load_bytecode(self, f):
"""Loads bytecode from a file or file like object."""
# make sure the magic header is correct
magic = f.read(len(bc_magic))
if magic != bc_magic:
self.reset()
return
# the source code of the file changed, we need to reload
checksum = pickle.load(f)
if self.checksum != checksum:
self.reset()
return
# if marshal_load fails then we need to reload
try:
self.code = marshal_load(f)
except (EOFError, ValueError, TypeError):
self.reset()
return
def write_bytecode(self, f):
"""Dump the bytecode into the file or file like object passed."""
if self.code is None:
raise TypeError("can't write empty bucket")
f.write(bc_magic)
pickle.dump(self.checksum, f, 2)
marshal_dump(self.code, f)
def bytecode_from_string(self, string):
"""Load bytecode from a string."""
self.load_bytecode(BytesIO(string))
def bytecode_to_string(self):
"""Return the bytecode as string."""
out = BytesIO()
self.write_bytecode(out)
return out.getvalue()
class BytecodeCache(object):
"""To implement your own bytecode cache you have to subclass this class
and override :meth:`load_bytecode` and :meth:`dump_bytecode`. Both of
these methods are passed a :class:`~jinja2.bccache.Bucket`.
A very basic bytecode cache that saves the bytecode on the file system::
from os import path
class MyCache(BytecodeCache):
def __init__(self, directory):
self.directory = directory
def load_bytecode(self, bucket):
filename = path.join(self.directory, bucket.key)
if path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
bucket.load_bytecode(f)
def dump_bytecode(self, bucket):
filename = path.join(self.directory, bucket.key)
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
bucket.write_bytecode(f)
A more advanced version of a filesystem based bytecode cache is part of
Jinja.
"""
def load_bytecode(self, bucket):
"""Subclasses have to override this method to load bytecode into a
bucket. If they are not able to find code in the cache for the
bucket, it must not do anything.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def dump_bytecode(self, bucket):
"""Subclasses have to override this method to write the bytecode
from a bucket back to the cache. If it unable to do so it must not
fail silently but raise an exception.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def clear(self):
"""Clears the cache. This method is not used by Jinja but should be
implemented to allow applications to clear the bytecode cache used
by a particular environment.
"""
def get_cache_key(self, name, filename=None):
"""Returns the unique hash key for this template name."""
hash = sha1(name.encode("utf-8"))
if filename is not None:
filename = "|" + filename
if isinstance(filename, text_type):
filename = filename.encode("utf-8")
hash.update(filename)
return hash.hexdigest()
def get_source_checksum(self, source):
"""Returns a checksum for the source."""
return sha1(source.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
def get_bucket(self, environment, name, filename, source):
"""Return a cache bucket for the given template. All arguments are
mandatory but filename may be `None`.
"""
key = self.get_cache_key(name, filename)
checksum = self.get_source_checksum(source)
bucket = Bucket(environment, key, checksum)
self.load_bytecode(bucket)
return bucket
def set_bucket(self, bucket):
"""Put the bucket into the cache."""
self.dump_bytecode(bucket)
class FileSystemBytecodeCache(BytecodeCache):
"""A bytecode cache that stores bytecode on the filesystem. It accepts
two arguments: The directory where the cache items are stored and a
pattern string that is used to build the filename.
If no directory is specified a default cache directory is selected. On
Windows the user's temp directory is used, on UNIX systems a directory
is created for the user in the system temp directory.
The pattern can be used to have multiple separate caches operate on the
same directory. The default pattern is ``'__jinja2_%s.cache'``. ``%s``
is replaced with the cache key.
>>> bcc = FileSystemBytecodeCache('/tmp/jinja_cache', '%s.cache')
This bytecode cache supports clearing of the cache using the clear method.
"""
def __init__(self, directory=None, pattern="__jinja2_%s.cache"):
if directory is None:
directory = self._get_default_cache_dir()
self.directory = directory
self.pattern = pattern
def _get_default_cache_dir(self):
def _unsafe_dir():
raise RuntimeError(
"Cannot determine safe temp directory. You "
"need to explicitly provide one."
)
tmpdir = tempfile.gettempdir()
# On windows the temporary directory is used specific unless
# explicitly forced otherwise. We can just use that.
if os.name == "nt":
return tmpdir
if not hasattr(os, "getuid"):
_unsafe_dir()
dirname = "_jinja2-cache-%d" % os.getuid()
actual_dir = os.path.join(tmpdir, dirname)
try:
os.mkdir(actual_dir, stat.S_IRWXU)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
raise
try:
os.chmod(actual_dir, stat.S_IRWXU)
actual_dir_stat = os.lstat(actual_dir)
if (
actual_dir_stat.st_uid != os.getuid()
or not stat.S_ISDIR(actual_dir_stat.st_mode)
or stat.S_IMODE(actual_dir_stat.st_mode) != stat.S_IRWXU
):
_unsafe_dir()
except OSError as e:
if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
raise
actual_dir_stat = os.lstat(actual_dir)
if (
actual_dir_stat.st_uid != os.getuid()
or not stat.S_ISDIR(actual_dir_stat.st_mode)
or stat.S_IMODE(actual_dir_stat.st_mode) != stat.S_IRWXU
):
_unsafe_dir()
return actual_dir
def _get_cache_filename(self, bucket):
return path.join(self.directory, self.pattern % bucket.key)
def load_bytecode(self, bucket):
f = open_if_exists(self._get_cache_filename(bucket), "rb")
if f is not None:
try:
bucket.load_bytecode(f)
finally:
f.close()
def dump_bytecode(self, bucket):
f = open(self._get_cache_filename(bucket), "wb")
try:
bucket.write_bytecode(f)
finally:
f.close()
def clear(self):
# imported lazily here because google app-engine doesn't support
# write access on the file system and the function does not exist
# normally.
from os import remove
files = fnmatch.filter(listdir(self.directory), self.pattern % "*")
for filename in files:
try:
remove(path.join(self.directory, filename))
except OSError:
pass
class MemcachedBytecodeCache(BytecodeCache):
"""This class implements a bytecode cache that uses a memcache cache for
storing the information. It does not enforce a specific memcache library
(tummy's memcache or cmemcache) but will accept any class that provides
the minimal interface required.
Libraries compatible with this class:
- `cachelib <https://github.com/pallets/cachelib>`_
- `python-memcached <https://pypi.org/project/python-memcached/>`_
(Unfortunately the django cache interface is not compatible because it
does not support storing binary data, only unicode. You can however pass
the underlying cache client to the bytecode cache which is available
as `django.core.cache.cache._client`.)
The minimal interface for the client passed to the constructor is this:
.. class:: MinimalClientInterface
.. method:: set(key, value[, timeout])
Stores the bytecode in the cache. `value` is a string and
`timeout` the timeout of the key. If timeout is not provided
a default timeout or no timeout should be assumed, if it's
provided it's an integer with the number of seconds the cache
item should exist.
.. method:: get(key)
Returns the value for the cache key. If the item does not
exist in the cache the return value must be `None`.
The other arguments to the constructor are the prefix for all keys that
is added before the actual cache key and the timeout for the bytecode in
the cache system. We recommend a high (or no) timeout.
This bytecode cache does not support clearing of used items in the cache.
The clear method is a no-operation function.
.. versionadded:: 2.7
Added support for ignoring memcache errors through the
`ignore_memcache_errors` parameter.
"""
def __init__(
self,
client,
prefix="jinja2/bytecode/",
timeout=None,
ignore_memcache_errors=True,
):
self.client = client
self.prefix = prefix
self.timeout = timeout
self.ignore_memcache_errors = ignore_memcache_errors
def load_bytecode(self, bucket):
try:
code = self.client.get(self.prefix + bucket.key)
except Exception:
if not self.ignore_memcache_errors:
raise
code = None
if code is not None:
bucket.bytecode_from_string(code)
def dump_bytecode(self, bucket):
args = (self.prefix + bucket.key, bucket.bytecode_to_string())
if self.timeout is not None:
args += (self.timeout,)
try:
self.client.set(*args)
except Exception:
if not self.ignore_memcache_errors:
raise

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

View file

@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#: list of lorem ipsum words used by the lipsum() helper function
LOREM_IPSUM_WORDS = u"""\
a ac accumsan ad adipiscing aenean aliquam aliquet amet ante aptent arcu at
auctor augue bibendum blandit class commodo condimentum congue consectetuer
consequat conubia convallis cras cubilia cum curabitur curae cursus dapibus
diam dictum dictumst dignissim dis dolor donec dui duis egestas eget eleifend
elementum elit enim erat eros est et etiam eu euismod facilisi facilisis fames
faucibus felis fermentum feugiat fringilla fusce gravida habitant habitasse hac
hendrerit hymenaeos iaculis id imperdiet in inceptos integer interdum ipsum
justo lacinia lacus laoreet lectus leo libero ligula litora lobortis lorem
luctus maecenas magna magnis malesuada massa mattis mauris metus mi molestie
mollis montes morbi mus nam nascetur natoque nec neque netus nibh nisi nisl non
nonummy nostra nulla nullam nunc odio orci ornare parturient pede pellentesque
penatibus per pharetra phasellus placerat platea porta porttitor posuere
potenti praesent pretium primis proin pulvinar purus quam quis quisque rhoncus
ridiculus risus rutrum sagittis sapien scelerisque sed sem semper senectus sit
sociis sociosqu sodales sollicitudin suscipit suspendisse taciti tellus tempor
tempus tincidunt torquent tortor tristique turpis ullamcorper ultrices
ultricies urna ut varius vehicula vel velit venenatis vestibulum vitae vivamus
viverra volutpat vulputate"""

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import sys
from types import CodeType
from . import TemplateSyntaxError
from ._compat import PYPY
from .utils import internal_code
from .utils import missing
def rewrite_traceback_stack(source=None):
"""Rewrite the current exception to replace any tracebacks from
within compiled template code with tracebacks that look like they
came from the template source.
This must be called within an ``except`` block.
:param exc_info: A :meth:`sys.exc_info` tuple. If not provided,
the current ``exc_info`` is used.
:param source: For ``TemplateSyntaxError``, the original source if
known.
:return: A :meth:`sys.exc_info` tuple that can be re-raised.
"""
exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info()
if isinstance(exc_value, TemplateSyntaxError) and not exc_value.translated:
exc_value.translated = True
exc_value.source = source
try:
# Remove the old traceback on Python 3, otherwise the frames
# from the compiler still show up.
exc_value.with_traceback(None)
except AttributeError:
pass
# Outside of runtime, so the frame isn't executing template
# code, but it still needs to point at the template.
tb = fake_traceback(
exc_value, None, exc_value.filename or "<unknown>", exc_value.lineno
)
else:
# Skip the frame for the render function.
tb = tb.tb_next
stack = []
# Build the stack of traceback object, replacing any in template
# code with the source file and line information.
while tb is not None:
# Skip frames decorated with @internalcode. These are internal
# calls that aren't useful in template debugging output.
if tb.tb_frame.f_code in internal_code:
tb = tb.tb_next
continue
template = tb.tb_frame.f_globals.get("__jinja_template__")
if template is not None:
lineno = template.get_corresponding_lineno(tb.tb_lineno)
fake_tb = fake_traceback(exc_value, tb, template.filename, lineno)
stack.append(fake_tb)
else:
stack.append(tb)
tb = tb.tb_next
tb_next = None
# Assign tb_next in reverse to avoid circular references.
for tb in reversed(stack):
tb_next = tb_set_next(tb, tb_next)
return exc_type, exc_value, tb_next
def fake_traceback(exc_value, tb, filename, lineno):
"""Produce a new traceback object that looks like it came from the
template source instead of the compiled code. The filename, line
number, and location name will point to the template, and the local
variables will be the current template context.
:param exc_value: The original exception to be re-raised to create
the new traceback.
:param tb: The original traceback to get the local variables and
code info from.
:param filename: The template filename.
:param lineno: The line number in the template source.
"""
if tb is not None:
# Replace the real locals with the context that would be
# available at that point in the template.
locals = get_template_locals(tb.tb_frame.f_locals)
locals.pop("__jinja_exception__", None)
else:
locals = {}
globals = {
"__name__": filename,
"__file__": filename,
"__jinja_exception__": exc_value,
}
# Raise an exception at the correct line number.
code = compile("\n" * (lineno - 1) + "raise __jinja_exception__", filename, "exec")
# Build a new code object that points to the template file and
# replaces the location with a block name.
try:
location = "template"
if tb is not None:
function = tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_name
if function == "root":
location = "top-level template code"
elif function.startswith("block_"):
location = 'block "%s"' % function[6:]
# Collect arguments for the new code object. CodeType only
# accepts positional arguments, and arguments were inserted in
# new Python versions.
code_args = []
for attr in (
"argcount",
"posonlyargcount", # Python 3.8
"kwonlyargcount", # Python 3
"nlocals",
"stacksize",
"flags",
"code", # codestring
"consts", # constants
"names",
"varnames",
("filename", filename),
("name", location),
"firstlineno",
"lnotab",
"freevars",
"cellvars",
):
if isinstance(attr, tuple):
# Replace with given value.
code_args.append(attr[1])
continue
try:
# Copy original value if it exists.
code_args.append(getattr(code, "co_" + attr))
except AttributeError:
# Some arguments were added later.
continue
code = CodeType(*code_args)
except Exception:
# Some environments such as Google App Engine don't support
# modifying code objects.
pass
# Execute the new code, which is guaranteed to raise, and return
# the new traceback without this frame.
try:
exec(code, globals, locals)
except BaseException:
return sys.exc_info()[2].tb_next
def get_template_locals(real_locals):
"""Based on the runtime locals, get the context that would be
available at that point in the template.
"""
# Start with the current template context.
ctx = real_locals.get("context")
if ctx:
data = ctx.get_all().copy()
else:
data = {}
# Might be in a derived context that only sets local variables
# rather than pushing a context. Local variables follow the scheme
# l_depth_name. Find the highest-depth local that has a value for
# each name.
local_overrides = {}
for name, value in real_locals.items():
if not name.startswith("l_") or value is missing:
# Not a template variable, or no longer relevant.
continue
try:
_, depth, name = name.split("_", 2)
depth = int(depth)
except ValueError:
continue
cur_depth = local_overrides.get(name, (-1,))[0]
if cur_depth < depth:
local_overrides[name] = (depth, value)
# Modify the context with any derived context.
for name, (_, value) in local_overrides.items():
if value is missing:
data.pop(name, None)
else:
data[name] = value
return data
if sys.version_info >= (3, 7):
# tb_next is directly assignable as of Python 3.7
def tb_set_next(tb, tb_next):
tb.tb_next = tb_next
return tb
elif PYPY:
# PyPy might have special support, and won't work with ctypes.
try:
import tputil
except ImportError:
# Without tproxy support, use the original traceback.
def tb_set_next(tb, tb_next):
return tb
else:
# With tproxy support, create a proxy around the traceback that
# returns the new tb_next.
def tb_set_next(tb, tb_next):
def controller(op):
if op.opname == "__getattribute__" and op.args[0] == "tb_next":
return tb_next
return op.delegate()
return tputil.make_proxy(controller, obj=tb)
else:
# Use ctypes to assign tb_next at the C level since it's read-only
# from Python.
import ctypes
class _CTraceback(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
# Extra PyObject slots when compiled with Py_TRACE_REFS.
(
"PyObject_HEAD",
ctypes.c_byte * (32 if hasattr(sys, "getobjects") else 16),
),
# Only care about tb_next as an object, not a traceback.
("tb_next", ctypes.py_object),
]
def tb_set_next(tb, tb_next):
c_tb = _CTraceback.from_address(id(tb))
# Clear out the old tb_next.
if tb.tb_next is not None:
c_tb_next = ctypes.py_object(tb.tb_next)
c_tb.tb_next = ctypes.py_object()
ctypes.pythonapi.Py_DecRef(c_tb_next)
# Assign the new tb_next.
if tb_next is not None:
c_tb_next = ctypes.py_object(tb_next)
ctypes.pythonapi.Py_IncRef(c_tb_next)
c_tb.tb_next = c_tb_next
return tb

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